- I-European Union ifuna ukuqinisa ukuzimela kwayo okunesu ngokuthuthukisa i-euro yedijithali ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika ezingqalasizinda zezimali zangaphandle.
- I-China ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-yuan kanye ne-e-yuan emhlabeni wonke ukuze iphonsele inselelo ukubusa kwedola laseMelika emhlabeni jikelele kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba.
- Ukufakwa kwama-CBDC kubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwezezimali, njengokuwohloka kwamabhange kanye nokuguquguquka kwezomnotho osafufusa.
Muva nje, isimo sezezimali somhlaba wonke sesibe yindawo yokulwa yangempela lapho ubuchwepheshe nezombusazwe kuhlangana khona. Ukuvela kwezimali zedijithali zamabhange amakhulu, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-CBDC, akuyona nje into eyenzeka ngobuchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho kumelela ukushaqeka okukhulu ku-oda lemali lokho ebesikwazi kuze kube manje, sibeka ubukhosi bamandla amakhulu engcupheni.
Nakuba umhlaba usujwayele ukubusa kwedola cishe ngokuphelele, iYurophu neShayina banqume ukuthi abasafuni ukuvumela abanye bathathe isinyathelo. Lo mncintiswano wokwenza imali ibe yedijithali empeleni uhlose ukuvikela ukuzimela okunesu yesifunda ngasinye, ukuvimbela izinqumo zangaphandle noma izithiyo zangaphandle ukuthi zingakhubazi umnotho wazo ngokuphazima kweso.
Ibhodi le-chess laseShayina kanye nokwandiswa kwe-yuan
I-China ayikaze ithathe noma yiliphi ithuba futhi ihola indlela ngokuhlola kwayo i-e-yuan, esevele inabasebenzisi abayizigidi. Inhloso ye-Beijing icacile: ifuna i-yuan iyeke ukuba yimali yendawo futhi ibe yi- ithuluzi lokushintshana lomhlaba wonkeikakhulukazi ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-Digital Silk Road. Ngokunciphisa ukungezwani ekukhokheni kwamanye amazwe, iShayina izama ukwenza umhlaba unganciki kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-SWIFT kanye nedola.
Intuthuko ebalulekile kulo mdlalo ukuma kwezinhlangano ezifana ne-Euroclear, ezicabangele ukwamukela amabhondi aseShayina athengiswa eHong Kong njengesibambiso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, sizobe sibhekene ne- ukukhushulwa okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-yuan emhlabeni jikelele, okwenza kube lula ukushintsha kokuhweba ngezimpahla—lapho i-euro ingenaso isisindo esibalulekile—ingene emjikelezweni waseShayina.
Leli qhinga alilona elingenacala futhi lifika ngesikhathi lapho ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kuphezulu khona. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe-CIPS lwaseShayina kuyivumela ukuthi igweme imikhawulo ebekwe yi-United States, iguqule imali yedijithali ibe yi-a ishidi lokuxoxisana kwezomnotho inamandla kakhulu ngokumelene ne-US Treasury kanye ne-Federal Reserve.
I-euro yedijithali: ubukhosi kanye nokusinda
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-European Central Bank (ECB) iqalise uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi imali eyodwa ayisali ngemuva esikhathini sedijithali. Umqondo awukona ukufaka imali esikhundleni sayo, kodwa ukunikeza enye indlela yomphakathi yokwenyuka kwama-stablecoins kanye nokulawula cishe okuphelele izinkampani zase-US ezifana ne-Visa ne-MasterCard ezinakho ngezinkokhelo ze-elekthronikhi. Lokhu kuhilela ukubuyisa ubukhosi bezezimali ukuze iYurophu ibe nengqalasizinda yayo yokukhokha.
Ukuze uqonde le phrojekthi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezitolo nokuthengiswa ngobuningi. I-euro yedijithali yokuthengisa izoklanywa ukuze noma yisiphi isakhamuzi sikwazi ukukhokhela ikhofi yaso ngokuphephile ngocingo lwaso, kuyilapho inguqulo yokuthengisa ngobuningi igxile... ukuthengiselana kwezezimali okunenani eliphezulu phakathi kwamabhange, kuthuthukiswa ukukhokhelwa kwezimpahla zedijithali ku-blockchain.
- Isigaba sokulungiselela: I-ECB isivele ithuthuke ocwaningweni futhi kunethemba lokuthi, uma kukhona intando yezepolitiki, i-euro yedijithali ingaqaliswa phakathi kuka-2027 no-2028.
- Ukufakwa kwezezimali: Inhloso ukwenza ukufinyelela imali kube yinto efinyeleleka kalula kubo bonke abahlali bendawo yama-euro.
- Ubukhosi bobuchwepheshe: Ukuvimbela ukumelwa kwemali kwedijithali ekuthembeleni kubalingisi abazimele noma emandleni angaphandle.
Kodwa-ke, umgwaqo ozayo unezinselele zawo. Amabhange ezentengiselwano abheka lo msebenzi ngokungabaza, esaba ukuthi ukuncintisana okungafanele yibhange eliphakathiUma abantu beqala ukuhambisa imali yabo egciniwe kusuka kuma-akhawunti asebhange avamile ukuya kuma-wallet edijithali e-ECB, amabhange angalahlekelwa yimali enkulu ediphozithi, okuphoqa ukuthi bafune izindlela ezintsha zokuxhasa kabusha ezimakethe.
Izingozi nezinselele ekushintsheni kwedijithali
Ukusebenzisa imali yedijithali akufani nokubuyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula; kuhilela izingozi ezinkulu zesistimu. Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ubumfihlo. Abasebenzisi abaningi besaba ukuthi umbuso ungashintsha imali yedijithali ibe yi- ithuluzi lokuqapha ubuningi, silawula yonke imali engenayo nephumayo esikhwameni sethu semali.
Ngokombono wezomnotho, ijubane lalezi zimali ezintsha lingaba yinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Emazweni anezimali ezibuthakathaka, ukulula kokushintshanisa imali yendawo ne-CBDC enamandla kungaholela indiza yenhloko-dolobha esheshisiwe kanye nezinkinga zemali ezingazelelwe, okwandisa ukungazinzi eningizimu yomhlaba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwezezimali luzohlukana. Esikhundleni semakethe yomhlaba wonke ebumbene, singagcina sisezweni amabhlogo emali edijithali ezincintisanayo, lapho ukusebenzisana kuhlukile kunokuba kube umthetho, okwenza ukubambisana kwamazwe amaningi kube nzima kakhulu ukukufeza.
Ukushintshela kulo mbono omusha kudinga amabhange amakhulu ukuthi aqhubeke ngokucophelela futhi amise imithetho ecacile. Isihluthulelo kuzoba ukuthola ibhalansi ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwamabhange ezentengiselwano noma ukufaka engcupheni ubumfihlo bezezimali bezakhamuzi.
Ikusasa lemali manje lincike esifisweni seShayina sokususa idola kanye nesifiso seYurophu sokugwema ukuba yisibukeli nje ekuguqukeni kobuchwepheshe. Lo mzabalazo wokulawula ukugeleza kwezimali emhlabeni wonke uzonquma ukuthi ubani onamandla angempela emnothweni wekhulu lama-21, ubheke imodeli lapho... ubuchwepheshe bezincwadi ezisatshalaliswa kanye nezepolitiki ezizimele chaza ukuchuma kwezizwe.