- Inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi iyiqembu lezinkampani ezilawulwa yinkampani engumzali egxila emasu nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo, kuyilapho inkampani ngayinye engaphansi igcina ubuntu bayo obuzimele kwezomthetho.
- Imithethonqubo yaseSpain (i-Article 42 yeKhodi Yezentengiselwano kanye noMthetho we-IS) ichaza ukuthi iqembu likhona nini, ilawula ukulawula okusebenzayo futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinzuzo ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwentela kanye nokukhululwa kwezabelo kanye nenzuzo yenhlokodolobha.
- Izinkampani eziphethe zinikeza izinzuzo ekuxhumaniseni, ekuvikelweni kwempahla kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwentela, kodwa futhi zifaka phakathi izingozi zokulahlekelwa ubuwena, izingxabano zangaphakathi, ubunzima obukhulu kanye nokubhekwa okungenzeka yigunya lokuncintisana.
- Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwenkampani ephethe (ehlanzekile, exubile, ezezimali, eyomndeni, egxile noma ehlukahlukene) nokuklama umthethosisekelo wayo kanye nemithetho kahle kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isakhiwo sinikeza inani langempela eqenjini lebhizinisi.
Uma umuntu noma iqembu elifanayo lilawula izinkampani ezininganaNgokushesha noma kamuva, umbuzo uphakama ngokuthi kunengqondo yini ukuzihlanganisa ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esisodwa. Emikhakheni yezomthetho neyentela, lolu hlobo lwenhlangano lubizwa ngokuthi i-conglomerate noma inkampani yokubamba ibhizinisi, inani elivame kakhulu emabhizinisini emindeni, emaqenjini okutshalwa kwezimali kanye nasezinkampanini ezivame kakhulu bahlukanise imisebenzi yabo.
Ukusungula inkampani ephethe imali akukhona nje "ukuhlanganisa izinkampani": kusho ukuthi ushintsho lwenhlangano Lo mhlahlandlela ugxila ekwenzeni izinqumo, ukuphathwa kwezingozi, ukuhlela intela, kanye nokuphathwa kwengcebo. Ngezansi, uzothola incazelo ephelele necacile yokuthi iyini inkampani ephethe izinkampani ezinkulu, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, uhlaka lwezomthetho, izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo, izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo, nokuthi uma kudalwa eyodwa kuyazuzisa ngempela.
Iyini inkampani yebhizinisi ehlanganisiwe noma ephethe?
Umqondo wenkampani ephethe ibhizinisi ubhekisela eqenjini lezinkampani lapho enye yazo isebenzisa khona ukulawula ezinye. Le nkampani elawulayo ibizwa ngokuthi inkampani engumzali, inkampani ephethe, noma inkampani ephethe, kuyilapho ezinye izinkampani ziyizinkampani ezingaphansi noma ezihambisana nayo. Inkampani engumzali ayingeneleli ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kwebhizinisi ngalinye, kodwa iqondisa isu eliphelele kanye nezinqumo ezibalulekile zokulawula.
Ukuze inkampani ephethe izimpahla ibe khona ngempela, kumele kube nenkampani ehamba phambili enamandla okwenza izinqumo asebenzayo.Akwanele ukuthi izinkampani eziningana zisebenzisane noma zabelane ngomkhiqizo: kumele kube nenkampani eyodwa ephethe iningi lemali noma amalungelo okuvota ezinye, noma enamandla okuqoka nokuxosha abaqondisi bazo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kulawula okukodwa, besizomane sibhekane nenhlangano noma iqembu lezinkampani ezingenalo isakhiwo sokulawula esifanayo.
Enkampanini ephethe, inkampani ngayinye engaphansi kwayo igcina eyayo ubuntu obungokomthethoAma-akhawunti ayo, izinkontileka, kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke kuhlala kufana. Yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona ukuthi ubani owenza izinqumo ezinkulu: ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, inqubomgomo yezezimali, ukusatshalaliswa kwezabelo, isu lokukhulisa, ukuhlanganiswa, noma ukuthengisa. Lezi zinqumo zigxile ebhodini labaqondisi benkampani engumzali, elisebenza "njengobuchopho" beqembu.
Inhloso eyinhloko yalesi sakhiwo ukuhlela izimpahla nemisebenzi ezinkampanini ezahlukene Ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle, kuvikelwe izimpahla, kwenziwe lula ukuphathwa, futhi, uma kuklanywe kahle, kusetshenziswe izinzuzo ezithile zentela ezinikezwe emithethweni. Umsebenzi ngamunye ungenziwa enkampanini ethile, kuyilapho inkampani engumzali iqondisa, ixhasa ngezimali, futhi ibeka inkambo yayo yonke.
Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kulawulwa kuphi eSpain
Ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwaseSpain, umqondo weqembu lezinkampani kanye nenkampani ephethe utholakala kakhulu kuKhodi YezentengiselwanoIsigaba 42 salo mbhalo wezomthetho sinquma ukuthi inkampani eyodwa ibhekwa njengebusa enye nini, ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona iqembu ngezinjongo zezentengiselwano kanye nezokubalwa kwezimali.
Ngokwalowo mthetho, iqembu likhona lapho umphakathi othile usebenzisa noma ungalawula omunye.Ukulawula kuthathwa njengezimo eziningana ezijwayelekile, kungaba ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile: lapho iningi lamalungelo okuvota liphethwe, lapho amandla okuqoka noma okuxosha iningi labaqondisi liphethwe, noma lapho izivumelwano zisayinwe nabantu besithathu abanikeza la mandla okuvota ngisho noma iningi lamasheya lingafinyelelwanga.
Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo, okubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi ophetheyo ungabeka imigomo yawo ezigungwini ezilawulayo zezinkampani ezingaphansi. Lesi sikhundla simvumela ukuthi ahlele izenzo zeqembu, alungiselele izitatimende zezimali ezihlanganisiwe lapho kufaneleka, futhi, uma kudingeka, asebenzise izindlela zentela ezikhethekile njengokuhlanganiswa kwentela ku-Corporate Income Tax.
Ngaphezu kweKhodi Yezentengiselwano, intela yezinkampani eziphethe ilawulwa eMthethweni Wentela Yengeniso Yenkampani kanye nemithetho yayo.Le mithetho ihlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukukhululwa kwezabelo ezithile kanye nenzuzo yenhloko-dolobha ngaphakathi kweqembu, imithetho yokuhlanganiswa kwentela kanye nokuphathwa okuqondile kwezinkampani eziphethe izibambiso zangaphandle (ama-ETVE), eziphethe izakhiwo eziqondiswe ekutshalweni kwezimali ngaphandle kweSpain.
Indlela inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi esebenza ngayo ngokusebenza
Inkampani ephethe izimpahla isebenza "njengenkampani engumzali" eklama isu futhi iphathe izimpahla eziphethe izimpahla. kwezinye izinkampani. Ngokuvamile umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuphathwa, ukuphathwa kanye nokuxhumanisa izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo, yize ezindaweni ezixubile ingase futhi yenze imisebenzi yayo yokusebenza (yezimboni, yezohwebo noma yezinsizakalo).
Izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani zisingatha umsebenzi wasensimini kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.Ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, abasebenzi, kanye nobudlelwano namakhasimende nabaphakeli konke kuyingxenye yenqubo. Inkampani ngayinye igxila emakethe yayo noma emgqeni webhizinisi, kuyilapho inkampani engumzali iqapha imiphumela, ilawula izingozi, futhi inquma ukuthi imali yeqembu itshalwa kuphi.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zendlela inkampani ephethe ngayo ibhizinisi ukuphatha ngokuhlanganyela ezezimali kanye nentela.Inkampani engumzali ingadlulisela uxhaso lwezimali ezinhlanganweni ezingaphansi kwayo, ibeke amanani angaphakathi kanye nezinqubomgomo zesevisi yangaphakathi kweqembu, isabalalise noma igodle izinzuzo ngokwezidingo, futhi isebenzise izindlela zomthetho zokulungisa ukulahlekelwa kanye nenzuzo phakathi kwezinkampani lapho ikhetha izindlela zokuhlanganisa.
Kuvamile futhi ukuthi inkampani engumzali inikeze izinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe kwabanye abantu eqenjini.Izinsizakusebenza zabantu, izeluleko zomthetho, ukubalwa kwezimali, ukugcinwa kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe, noma ukumaketha kwezinkampani. Lokhu kudala ukusebenzisana kanye nomnotho wezinga ngokugwema ukuphindaphindwa kanye nokuxoxisana ngamandla amakhulu namabhange, abaphakeli, noma ukuphathwa komphakathi.
Okokugcina, inkampani ephethe isebenza njengethuluzi lokwehlukahluka kanye nokuvikela ekushintsheni kwemakethe.Ngokulawula izinkampani emikhakheni ehlukene noma emazweni amaningana, leli qembu linciphisa ukuchayeka kwalo ekuhlulekeni kwebhizinisi elilodwa. Uma inkampani eyodwa engaphansi ihlangabezana nobunzima, umthelela oqondile kwezinye uyancishiswa, uma nje isakhiwo senzelwe ukuhlukanisa izingozi nezimpahla ngokwanele.
Izizathu ezivamile zokudala inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi noma inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi
Izizathu zokuthatha isinyathelo nokwakha inkampani ephethe ngokuvamile ziyisu, ezezimali, kanye nenhlangano.Akukhona nje ukukhokha intela encane, kodwa mayelana nokunikeza ukuhambisana kanye nokuguquguquka eqenjini lamabhizinisi akhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ukuthengiswa okuhlelekile kwenkampani noma uhla lwebhizinisiUma amasheya enkampani ezodluliselwa ephethwe yinkampani engumzali, ukuthengiselana kungafanelekela ukukhululwa enteleni yenzuzo yenhlokodolobha, uma nje kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomthetho. Lokhu kuvumela abanikazi bamasheya benkampani ephethe ukuthi baphinde batshale inzuzo kumaphrojekthi amasha ngaphandle komthwalo omkhulu wentela.
Esinye isizathu esivame kakhulu ukwenziwa ngcono komthwalo wentela weqembu.Uma izimo zokuhlanganiswa kwentela zihlangatshezwa, kungenzeka ukukhokha imali engenayo ekhokhiswa intela evela kwezinye izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani ngokulahlekelwa okuvela kwezinye, kuncishiswe intela iyonke ekhokhwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo senkampani ephethe ngokuvamile senza kube lula ukufinyelela ekuncishisweni kwentela kanye nezinzuzo ezixhumene nezibambiso ezibalulekile nezizinzile kwezinye izinkampani.
Isithombe esithuthukisiwe kanye nokufinyelela ezimalini kungenye impikiswano ethokozisayoUkuzethula emabhange, kubatshalizimali, noma ezikhungweni zomphakathi njengeqembu eliqinile, elinenkampani engumzali ehlanganisa imiphumela futhi iqondise ukuphathwa, kuveza ukuzethemba okukhulu kunokukwenza njengeqembu elincane lama-SME angaxhunyiwe.
Emkhakheni webhizinisi lokulandelana kanye nelomndeni, inkampani ephethe iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhuluIkuvumela ukuthi ugxilise amasheya akho enkampanini eyodwa futhi uhlele ukudluliselwa ezinganeni noma kwezinye izindlalifa ngeminikelo noma amafa amasheya enkampanini ephethe, usebenzisa amathuba okunciphisa okukhulu kweNtela Yefa kanye neNtela Yesipho kanye neNtela Yengcebo lapho izidingo zebhizinisi lomndeni zihlangatshezwa.
Okokugcina, amaqembu afuna ukusabalala kwamanye amazwe avame ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokubamba. ukufaka utshalomali oluhlanganisiwe ezinhlanganweni ezingaphansi kwamanye amazwe, ukuphatha ubungozi bezwe, ukuhlela ukugeleza kwezabelo, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuzuza ohlelweni lwezinhlangano eziphethe izibambiso zangaphandle zokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphandle kweSpain.
Izindlela zokusungula inkampani ephethe
Ngokombono osemthethweni, ukudala inkampani ephethe akwehlukile kakhulu ekwakheni noma iyiphi enye inkampani yezentengiselwano.Kumelwe uye kummeli wezomthetho, wenze i-deed of incorporation noma i-capital increment ehambisanayo, uyibhalise ku-Mercantile Registry, futhi uhambisane nezibopho zentela ezihambisanayo. Umehluko omkhulu usekutheni amasheya ezinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani anikelwa kanjani kanye nendlela ama-articles of association abhalwa ngayo.
Enye indlela ukudala inkampani entsha ezosebenza njengenkampani engumzali.Kulesi simo, abalingani bezinkampani ezahlukene banikela ngamasheya noma amasheya abo enkampanini entsha njengomnikelo ongeyona imali, belahla ilungelo labo lokwenqaba kuqala. Ngemva kokulinganisa la masheya nokunquma iphesenti elihambisana nomlingani ngamunye, ibhalansi yenkampani entsha ephethe iyalungiswa futhi ukuthengiselana kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni phambi kommeli olungisa izivumelwano.
Itayitela libhaliswe ku-Commercial Registry futhi ifomu 600 liyathunyelwa. Intela yokudlulisa impahla kanye nentela yesitembu ngokuvamile ayikhishwa uma ukuthengiselana kuwela ngaphansi kohlelo lokungathathi hlangothi kwentela. Zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zokubhaliswa, i-Ejensi Yentela kumele yaziswe ukuthi izidingo zokusebenzisa lolu hlelo olukhethekile sezihlangatsheziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe intela esheshayo ezinzuzweni zenhlokodolobha ezingakatholakali.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa inkampani ekhona njengenkampani engumzali wesikhathi esizayo.Kuleso simo, ukwenyuka kwemali kwenziwa ngeminikelo engeyona imali equkethe amasheya noma amasheya kwezinye izinkampani. Amasheya amasha noma amasheya enkampani engumzali akhishwa futhi alethwe kubanikazi bamasheya abanikela ngamasheya abo, kanti yonke inqubo ifana kakhulu naleyo echazwe enkampanini esanda kudalwa.
Kuzo zombili izimo, kubalulekile ukubhala phansi izihloko zobudlelwano ezicatshangelwe kahle.Lezi zihloko zilawula izindlela zokulawula nokuphatha zenkampani, ukusatshalaliswa kwezabelo, ukudluliselwa kwamasheya, ukungena nokuphuma kwabalingani abasha, kanye nezivumelwano ezithile ezizoqinisekisa ukuzinza kweqembu futhi zivimbele izingxabano zangaphakathi phakathi kwamagatsha omndeni noma abatshalizimali.
Izidingo nemibandela yokujoyina inkampani ephethe
Izinkampani eziyingxenye yenkampani enkulu kumele zibe nesakhiwo sazo esincane.Akwanele ukuba babe yizinkampani ezizimele nje: ngokufanelekile, kufanele babe nezinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo, indawo yokusebenza, abasebenzi abaqashiwe, kanye nekhono langempela lokwenza umsebenzi wabo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho befuna ukufaka izicelo zezinzuzo zentela ezihlobene namabhizinisi omndeni noma ukuhlanganiswa.
Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu noma inhlangano ekhangisa inkampani ephethe Ukuze ufanelekele uhlelo lokuhlanganisa intela, isabelo senkampani engumzali kunkampani ngayinye engaphansi ngokuvamile sidinga ukulingana noma ukudlula u-75%, kanti nezinye izidingo ezisemthethweni kumele zihlangatshezwe.
Ngokuphathelene nezinkampani eziphethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile, imithetho yentela idinga ukuthi inhloso yazo eyinhloko kube ukuphathwa kwamasheya.hhayi ukusebenza okuqondile kwemisebenzi yezentengiselwano. Lokhu kunomthelela, isibonelo, elungelweni lokukhipha i-VAT ekhokhelwe izindleko: izinkampani eziphethe i-pure holding, ezinqunyelwe ekuqoqeni izinzuzo nokuphatha izibambiso, azikwazi ukukhipha i-VAT, kuyilapho izinkampani eziphethe i-mixed holding, ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinhlanganweni ezingaphansi noma ezenza imisebenzi yezomnotho, zingakwenza lokho ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akwanele ukucela phambi kwe-Tax Administration ukuthi inkampani ephethe yadalwa ukuze nje yonge intela.Kumelwe kube nezizathu zomnotho ezizwakalayo, njengokuhlukahluka kwezinsizakalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano yangaphakathi, ukuqina kwesikhundla sokuncintisana, ukutholakala kalula kwamathenda omphakathi noma isidingo sokuhlela ukukhula okuhlelekile kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinhlobo zezinkampani eziphethe amabhizinisi kanye nezigaba zama-conglomerate
Ilebula elithi “holding” lihlanganisa amaqiniso ahlukene kakhuluLokhu kungahlukaniswa ngokwemisebenzi yabo, izinga lokuzibandakanya kwabo ekuphatheni, noma uhlobo lwemisebenzi abayihlanganisayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukahluka kusiza ekwakheni isakhiwo esifanele kakhulu isimo ngasinye.
Ngokombono wenhloso kanye nezinga lokubandakanyeka kwayo, ngokuvamile kubekwa umehluko phakathi kokubamba okumsulwa nokubamba okuxubile.Inkampani ephethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile izinikele kuphela ekubeni nezabelo noma amasheya kwezinye izinkampani, izikhawulela ekuqoqeni izinzuzo kanye nokunquma ukuthengwa noma ukuthengiswa kwazo; ayenzi imisebenzi yebhizinisi eqondile. Inkampani ephethe izimpahla ezixubile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphezu kokuphatha amasheya, yenza imisebenzi yezentengiselwano noma yezimboni ngesizathu sayo.
Uma sibheka uhlobo lwaleli qembu, singakhuluma ngezinhlobo eziningana ezincaneIgama elithi "inkampani ephethe iqembu lebhizinisi" liyigama elijwayelekile lanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esihlanganisa izinkampani ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene. Inkampani ephethe egxile yakhiwe ngezinkampani ezisebenza emgqeni ofanayo webhizinisi, zisebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwemikhakha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani ephethe ezezimali iqhutshwa yizinkampani zamabhange noma zokutshalwa kwezimali futhi igxila amasheya emabhizinisini ezezimali.
Kukhona futhi nezindawo eziphethwe nguhulumeni, lapho inhloko-dolobha eyinhloko ingumphakathi. futhi bahlanganisa izinkampani lapho uhulumeni ephethe khona izabelo emikhakheni eyahlukene yeqhinga. Enye imodeli evame kakhulu yinkampani ephethe imindeni, lapho igatsha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lomndeni lilawula khona imali futhi lisebenzisa inkampani engumzali njengethuluzi lokuhlela impahla kanye nokulandelana kwezabelo, ngokuvamile lihlanganisa amabhizinisi endabuko nokutshalwa kwezimali okusha.
Uma sandisa ukugxila kwethu emqondweni we-conglomerate, singahlukanisa phakathi kwama-conglomerate ahlobene nama-conglomerate ahlukahlukene.Esimweni sokuqala, izinkampani zeqembu zitholakala ezigabeni ezahlukene zenqubo efanayo yokukhiqiza noma emikhakheni ehlobene; esimweni sesibili, amabhizinisi cishe awahlobene futhi umqondo weqembu ungowezezimali kuphela futhi usekelwe ekuhlukaniseni izingozi.
Izinzuzo zenkampani ephethe ibhizinisi
Izinzuzo zokusungula inkampani ephethe kahle ziningi futhi zihlanganisa kokubili izici zentela, zenhlangano kanye nezamasu.Kodwa-ke, inani layo langempela lincike esakhiweni esiphendula izidingo zangempela futhi siphathwe ngendlela eqinile.
Elinye lamandla ayo amakhulu ukuxhumanisa nokwenza lula ukwenza izinqumo.Ngokugxilisa amandla okuvota enkampanini engumzali, kuba lula ukubeka isiqondiso esifanayo kuzo zonke izinkampani eqenjini, ukuvimbela inkampani ngayinye ukuthi izenzele ngokuzimela, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokutshalwa kwezimali, izikweletu, kanye nokusabalalisa inzuzo ziyahambisana nezinhloso zomhlaba wonke.
Ngokombono wentela, inkampani ephethe ivumela ukuncishiswa komthwalo wentela ezicini eziningana.Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ithuba lokusebenzisa ithuba lokukhululwa kwezabelo kanye nenzuzo enkulu ekuthengisweni kwamasheya abalulekile, isinxephezelo sezisekelo zentela ezinhle nezimbi phakathi kwezinkampani zamaqembu kanye nezinzuzo ku-Wealth Tax kanye naku-Inheritance kanye ne-Gift Tax lapho izidingo zebhizinisi lomndeni zihlangatshezwa.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuvikelwa kwempahla kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwezingozi.Ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi ibe yizinkampani ezingaphansi kwezinkampani ezahlukene, izinkinga zezimali, zabasebenzi, noma zesibopho ezithinta enye yazo azithinti ngempela ezinye noma inkampani engumzali. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi emikhakheni enengozi ephezulu yokusebenza noma emasu okuhlukahlukana ibe amabhizinisi angaphandle kwemisebenzi yendabuko yenkampani.
Umnotho wobukhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe nakho kusebenza kahle ekwakheni isakhiwo sokugcina impahla.Ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ezifana nezinsizakusebenza zabantu, izinhlelo ze-IT, ukubalwa kwezimali, noma ukuthenga kuvumela ukuxoxisana ngemibandela engcono nabaphakeli, ukunciphisa izindleko ezizinzile, kanye nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluqoqwe enkampanini engumzali ukuthuthukisa izinqubo kuzo zonke izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo.
Ekugcineni, ukuba khona kwenkampani ephethe izimpahla kuvame ukuveza isithombe sokuzinza kanye nobungcweti.Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ekuxhasweni ngezimali ngamabhange, ukubamba iqhaza kumathenda omphakathi, ukuheha abalingani bokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokungena ezimakethe ezintsha ezidinga usayizi othile omncane noma ukuqina kwezimali okuhlanganisiwe.
Izingozi kanye nokungalungi kokudala inkampani ephethe imali
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, isakhiwo sokubamba siphinde sibe nezinkinga kanye nezingozi okufanele ziqondwe kahle. ngaphambi kokuqala ukusungulwa kwayo. Akuyona ikhambi elimangalisayo lazo zonke izinkinga zokuphatha noma "induku yezimali" esebenza kuzo zonke izimo.
Esinye sezithiyo zokuqala ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka kobunikazi benkampani ezinkampaneni.Ukuba khona okukhulu kwenkampani engumzali kunganciphisa isiko elihlukile lenkampani ngayinye, kuvimbele ukuqaliswa kwefilosofi efanayo, futhi kudale ukumelana namaqembu abaphathi ajwayele ukwenza izinqumo zawo.
Ukungezwani kwangaphakathi kanye nokuncintisana kungase kuvele phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene ngaphakathi kweqembu.Imithwalo yemfanelo ehambisanayo, ukwabiwa kwezinsiza okungafanele okubonwayo, noma ukungavumelani mayelana nokubaluleka kweminye imisebenzi kuneminye kungaholela ezingxabanweni ezinciphisa ukushesha futhi zidale isimo esibi senhlangano.
Ngokombono wezomthetho nowokuncintisana, isikhundla samandla enkampani ephethe izinto ezigxile kakhulu singalingana nezimo zokubusa emakethe.Uma iqembu lithola isisindo esikhulu emkhakheni othile, ingozi yemikhuba yokusondelana nokuzimela kanye nokungenelela kweziphathimandla zokuncintisana ingavela, ikakhulukazi uma inkampani ephethe ikhule ngokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa okulandelanayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphatha, ukuqoqwa kwezinqumo enkampanini engumzali nakho kunezinkinga zako.Abanikazi bamasheya abambalwa ezinkampaneni bangase bathole ikhono labo lokungenelela ekuphathweni lilinganiselwe, futhi uma imithetho yenkampani ephethe ingakabekwa kahle, kungase kuvele izingxabano noma izingxabano phakathi kwemindeni, amagatsha anabanikazi bamasheya, noma izikhwama zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinezintshisekelo ezahlukene.
Okokugcina, ukuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina inkampani ephethe kuhilela izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nobunzima bokuphatha.Ama-akhawunti ahlukene kumele agcinwe, izibopho zokubika zangaphakathi kweqembu kumele zihlangatshezwe, izitatimende zezimali ezihlanganisiwe kumele zilungiswe lapho kufanele khona, kanye nemithetho yentela neyezentengiselwano, eshintsha njalo, kumele ilandelwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ngaphandle kweseluleko sochwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa okuqinile, inzuzo ecatshangelwayo ingaba yikhanda elibuhlungu elikhulu.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Conglomerate: isu, amathuba kanye nezingozi
Elinye lamasu ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu ahlobene nezinkampani ezinkulu ukuhlukahluka kwamabhizinisi ngaphandle kobudlelwano obubonakalayo.Ngale ndlela, inkampani engumzali itshala imali emisebenzini ehlukene kakhulu ngomqondo wokusabalalisa izingozi nokufuna imikhakha enenzuzo enkulu, noma ngabe akukho ukusebenzisana okusobala kokusebenza phakathi kwayo.
Okukhanga kakhulu lokhu kuhlukahluka kwezinkampani ezinkulu ukunciphisa ingozi iyonke yenkampani.Uma umkhakha owodwa ungena enkingeni, eminye ingase ihlale izinzile noma ithuthukise imiphumela yayo, inciphise umthelela kuma-akhawunti ahlanganisiwe. Isibonelo esivamile kungaba ukuhlanganisa amabhizinisi asebenza ngokujikeleza okukhulu, njengokwakha, nalawo avikela kakhulu, njengokusabalalisa imithi.
Kukhona nengxenye ebalulekile yezezimali: imali eningi evela kwezinye izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani ingakhokhela ukuntuleka kwezinye izinkampani.Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi baqhubeke namaphrojekthi esikhathi eside noma izigaba zokutshalwa kwezimali okujulile ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ekuxhasweni ngezimali kwangaphandle. Lokhu "kubambisana kwezezimali" kungenye yezizathu ezenza amaqembu amakhulu omhlaba wonke akhethe lo modeli ngokomlando.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwezinkampani ezinkulu kunezinkinga ezicacile uma kungaphathwa ngendlela efanele.Ukungabikho kokubambisana kwangempela kokusebenza kungabangela iqembu ukuba libe yiqoqo lamabhizinisi angaxhunyiwe okunzima ukuwahlanganisa. Abaphathi benkampani engumzali badinga isikhathi nolwazi ukuze baqonde imikhakha ehlukene kakhulu, okuvimbela ukufezwa kwezinzuzo zokuncintisana eziqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile emisebenzini eminingi kungachitha ukunaka kanye nezinsiza.Lokhu kulimaza ngqo ibhizinisi lendabuko eladala iqembu. Ukuhlanganisa kuba nzima kakhulu, izakhiwo ziba nzima, futhi kunengozi yokuthi abanikazi bamasheya bazobona i-conglomerate njengebhubhisa inani kunokuba ilidale, befuna ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuhlehliswa kwezimali.
Izibonelo zezinkampani ezaziwayo
Ebhizinisini laseSpain nakwamanye amazwe kunezibonelo eziningi zezinkampani eziphethe ezibonisa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sisebenza kanjani empeleni.Abanye bagxila emkhakheni othile, kanti abanye baphatha amaphothifoliyo ahlukahlukene kakhulu.
I-Inditex cishe iyicala elicashunwe kakhulu eSpain.Inkampani engumzali, i-Industria de Diseño Textil, SA, ilawula imikhiqizo eyaziwayo njengeZara, Pull&Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, kanye ne-Oysho, kanye nezinkampani ezizinikele ekuthuthweni kwempahla, ukuphathwa kwezindlu, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisizayo zeqembu. Ngenkathi izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwenkampani zihilelekile emisebenzini ehlobene nemfashini, ezinye zigxila ekuthengeni, ekuthengisweni kwezindlu, noma ekusekelweni, konke ngaphansi kwesambulela senkampani engumzali.
Esinye isibonelo esifanele yiMahou San Miguelokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zobhiya ezifana neMahou, iSan Miguel, ne-Alhambra. Okunye okuphawulekayo yizinkampani zaseSpain ezifana neRepsol neFerrovial, noma amaqembu omshwalense afana neGrupo Catalana Occidente, wonke ahlelwe njengezinkampani eziphethe ezilawula izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwamanye amazwe kanye nezigaba zebhizinisi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, isibonelo esidumile sesakhiwo sesimanje sokubamba yi-Alphabet.Inkampani engumzali we-Google kanye nezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali eqenjini elifanayo. Ngasohlangothini lwemikhiqizo yabathengi, i-Coca-Cola Company kanye ne-PepsiCo nazo zisebenza njengezinkampani eziphethe ezihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi kanye nemigqa yebhizinisi ngaphansi kwenhlangano eyodwa.
Emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali kanye nokwamanye amazwe kuphela, izinkampani eziphethe izimali zakwamanye amazwe (ama-ETVE) ziyagqama.Uhlobo lwenkampani ephethe izimpahla ezilawulwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wentela Yengeniso Yenkampani ukuze kuqondiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini ezingezona ezokuhlala. Lezi zakhiwo zisetshenziswe ukuhlanganisa izimpahla zomhlaba wonke, kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluthile lwentela, uma nje izimo zomthetho zihlangatshezwana nazo ngokuqinile.
Ekugcineni, ngale kwegama leqembu, okuchaza zonke lezi zimo ukuba khona kwenkampani engumzali. ebeka isu, ilawula imali yezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo futhi iyale ukukhula, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwayo yonke, ivumelanise isakhiwo ngaso sonke isikhathi nezinguquko emakethe kanye nomthethonqubo.
Ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi iyini inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi, ukuthi ilawulwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Ivumela ukuhlolwa okucatshangelwe kahle kokuthi kunengqondo yini ukukusebenzisa eqenjini elithile lezinkampani noma kungcono yini ukukhetha amafomula alula; uma kukhona ukuhlela okungathi sína, izizathu zezomnotho ezicacile kanye nokuphatha okuhle, inkampani ephethe iba ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokukhula, ukuvikela izimpahla kanye nokuthola ukuguquguquka ekuphatheni amabhizinisi amaningana ngaphansi kokuphathwa okufanayo.