- Inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi iyiqembu lezinkampani ezilawulwa yinkampani engumzali egxila emasu nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo, kuyilapho inkampani ngayinye engaphansi igcina ubuntu bayo obuzimele kwezomthetho.
- Imithethonqubo yaseSpain (i-Article 42 yeKhodi Yezentengiselwano kanye noMthetho we-IS) ichaza ukuthi iqembu likhona nini, ilawula ukulawula okusebenzayo futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinzuzo ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwentela kanye nokukhululwa kwezabelo kanye nenzuzo yenhlokodolobha.
- Izinkampani eziphethe zinikeza izinzuzo ekuxhumaniseni, ekuvikelweni kwempahla kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwentela, kodwa futhi zifaka phakathi izingozi zokulahlekelwa ubuwena, izingxabano zangaphakathi, ubunzima obukhulu kanye nokubhekwa okungenzeka yigunya lokuncintisana.
- Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwenkampani ephethe (ehlanzekile, exubile, ezezimali, eyomndeni, egxile noma ehlukahlukene) nokuklama umthethosisekelo wayo kanye nemithetho kahle kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isakhiwo sinikeza inani langempela eqenjini lebhizinisi.
Uma umuntu noma iqembu elifanayo lilawula izinkampani eziningana , umbuzo uphakama ngokungenakugwenywa wokuthi kunengqondo yini ukuzihlanganisa ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esisodwa. Emikhakheni yezomthetho neyentela, lolu hlobo lwenhlangano lubizwa ngokuthi i-conglomerate noma inkampani ephethe , isakhiwo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwamabhizinisi omndeni, amaqembu okutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinkampani ezihlukanisa imisebenzi yazo.
Ukusungula inkampani ephethe izinkampani kungaphezu nje "kokuhlanganisa izinkampani" : kuhilela ushintsho olukhulu lwenhlangano endleleni izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo, izingozi eziphathwa ngayo, intela ehlelwayo, kanye nezimpahla ezihlelwa ngayo. Ngezansi uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele, obhalwe ngolimi olucacile, ochaza ukuthi iyini inkampani ephethe izinkampani eziphethe izinkampani, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukuthi umthetho uthini, izinhlobo ezahlukene, izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo, nokuthi kunini lapho kufanele ngempela ukuyidala.
Iyini inkampani yebhizinisi ehlanganisiwe noma ephethe?
Umqondo wenkampani ehlanganisiwe noma ephethe inkampani ubhekisela eqenjini lezinkampani lapho enye ilawula ezinye. Le nkampani elawulayo ibizwa ngokuthi inkampani engumzali, inkampani ephethe inkampani, noma inkampani ephethe inkampani, kuyilapho ezinye izinkampani ziyizinkampani ezingaphansi noma ezihambisana nayo. Inkampani engumzali ayingeneleli ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kwebhizinisi ngalinye, kodwa iqondisa isu eliphelele kanye nezinqumo ezibalulekile zokulawula.
Ukuze inkampani ephethe inkampani ibe khona ngempela, kumele kube nenkampani ehamba phambili enamandla okwenza izinqumo asebenzayo . Akwanele ukuthi izinkampani eziningana zisebenzisane noma zabelane ngomkhiqizo: kumele kube nenkampani eyodwa ephethe iningi lemali noma amalungelo okuvota ezinye, noma enamandla okuqoka nokuxosha abaqondisi bazo. Ngaphandle kwaleli gunya elilodwa, besizomane sibhekane nenhlangano noma iqembu lezinkampani ezingenalo isakhiwo sokulawula esifanayo.
Enkampanini ephethe, inkampani ngayinye engaphansi igcina ubuntu bayo obungokomthetho , ama-akhawunti, izinkontileka, kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona ukuthi ubani owenza izinqumo ezinkulu: ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, inqubomgomo yezezimali, ukusatshalaliswa kwezabelo, isu lokukhulisa, ukuhlanganiswa, noma ukuthengisa. Lezi zinqumo zigxile ebhodini labaqondisi lenkampani engumzali, elisebenza "njengobuchopho" beqembu.
Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu hlaka ukuhlela izimpahla nemisebenzi kuzo zonke izinkampani ezahlukene ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle, kuvikelwe izimpahla, kwenziwe lula ukuphathwa, futhi, uma kuklanywe kahle, kusetshenziswe izinzuzo ezithile zentela ezinikezwe emithethweni. Umsebenzi ngamunye ungenziwa enkampanini ethile, kuyilapho inkampani engumzali ihlanganisa, ixhasa ngezimali, futhi ibeka isiqondiso sonke.
Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kulawulwa kuphi eSpain
Ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwaseSpain, umqondo weqembu lezinkampani kanye nenkampani ephethe uchazwa ngokuyinhloko kuKhodi Yezentengiselwano . Isigaba 42 salo mbhalo wezomthetho sinquma ukuthi inkampani eyodwa ibhekwa nini njengokulawula enye, ngakho-ke, lapho iqembu likhona ngezinjongo zezentengiselwano kanye nezokubalwa kwezimali.
Ngokwalesi simiso, iqembu likhona lapho inkampani eyodwa isebenzisa noma ingalawula enye , ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile. Ukulawula kuthathwa njengezimo eziningana ezivamile: lapho inkampani inelungelo elikhulu lokuvota, lapho inamandla okuqoka noma ukususa iningi labaqondisi, noma lapho izivumelwano zisayinwe nabantu besithathu abanikeza la mandla okuvota ngisho noma iningi lamasheya asemthethweni lingabanjwanga.
Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo, into ebalulekile ukuthi inkampani engumzali ingabeka intando yayo ezigungwini eziphethe zezinkampani zayo ezingaphansi kwayo. Lesi sikhundla siyivumela ukuthi ihlanganise izenzo zeqembu, ilungiselele izitatimende zezimali ezihlanganisiwe uma kudingeka, futhi, mhlawumbe, isebenzise izindlela zentela ezikhethekile njengokuhlanganiswa kwentela ngezinjongo zentela yengeniso yenkampani.
Ngaphezu kweKhodi Yezentengiselwano, intela yezinkampani eziphethe ilawulwa yi-Corporate Income Tax Law kanye nemithethonqubo yayo yokusebenzisa . Le mithetho ibhekana, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nokukhululwa kwezabelo ezithile kanye nenzuzo yenhloko ngaphakathi kweqembu, imithetho yokuhlanganiswa kwentela, kanye nokuphathwa okuqondile kwezinkampani eziphethe zakwamanye amazwe (ama-ETVE), okuyizakhiwo zokubamba ezigxile ekutshalweni kwezimali ngaphandle kweSpain.
Indlela inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi esebenza ngayo ngokusebenza
Inkampani ephethe izinkampani isebenza "njengenkampani engumzali" eklama isu futhi iphathe izibambiso kwezinye izinkampani. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ngokuvamile ukuphathwa, ukuphathwa, kanye nokuxhumanisa izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo, yize ezinkampanini eziphethe izinkampani ezixubile ingase futhi yenze imisebenzi yayo yokusebenza (yezimboni, yezohwebo, noma ehlobene nezinsizakalo).
Izinkampani ezingaphansi zisingatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini : ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, ukuqasha, kanye nobudlelwano namakhasimende kanye nabaphakeli. Ngayinye igxila emakethe yayo noma emgqeni webhizinisi, kuyilapho inkampani engumzali iqapha imiphumela, ilawula izingozi, futhi inquma ukuthi izotshala kanjani imali yeqembu.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zendlela inkampani ephethe esebenza ngayo ukuphathwa kwezezimali kanye nentela ngokuhlanganyela . Inkampani engumzali ingadlulisela uxhaso lwezimali ezinhlanganweni ezingaphansi kwayo, ibeke amanani angaphakathi kanye nezinqubomgomo zesevisi yangaphakathi kweqembu, isabalalise noma ibambe izinzuzo njengoba kudingeka, futhi isebenzise izindlela zomthetho zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kanye nenzuzo phakathi kwezinkampani lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlanganisa.
Kuvamile futhi ukuthi inkampani engumzali inikeze izinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe eqenjini lonke : izinsizakusebenza zabantu, abeluleki bezomthetho, ukubalwa kwezimali, umgcinimafa, ubuchwepheshe, noma ukumaketha kwezinkampani. Lokhu kudala ukusebenzisana kanye nomnotho wezinga ngokugwema ukuphindaphindwa nokuvumela izingxoxo eziqinile namabhange, abaphakeli, noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
Okokugcina, inkampani ephethe isebenza njengethuluzi lokwehlukanisa kanye nokuvikela ukuguquguquka kwemakethe . Ngokulawula izinkampani emikhakheni ehlukene noma emazweni amaningana, leli qembu linciphisa ukuchayeka kwalo ekuwohlokeni kwebhizinisi elilodwa. Uma inkampani eyodwa engaphansi ihlangabezana nobunzima, umthelela oqondile kwezinye uyancishiswa, uma nje isakhiwo senzelwe ukuhlukanisa izingozi nezimpahla ngendlela efanele.
Izizathu ezivamile zokudala inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi noma inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi
Izizathu zokuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala inkampani ephethe izimpahla ngokuvamile ziyisu, zihlobene nentela, futhi zihlelekile . Akukhona nje ukukhokha intela encane, kodwa mayelana nokunikeza ukuhambisana kanye nokuguquguquka eqenjini lamabhizinisi akhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ukuthengiswa okuhlelekile kwenkampani noma umugqa webhizinisi . Uma amasheya enkampani ezodluliselwa ephethwe yinkampani engumzali, ukuthengiselana kungafanelekela ukukhululwa enteleni yenzuzo yenhlokodolobha, uma nje kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zomthetho. Lokhu kuvumela abanikazi bamasheya benkampani ephethe ukuthi baphinde batshale inzuzo kumaphrojekthi amasha ngaphandle komthwalo omkhulu wentela.
Esinye isizathu esivame kakhulu ukwenza ngcono umthwalo wentela weqembu . Uma izimo zokuhlanganiswa kwentela zihlangatshezwa, kungenzeka ukunciphisa imali engenayo ekhokhiswa intela evela kwezinye izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani ngokulahlekelwa okuvela kwezinye, kuncishiswe intela iyonke ekhokhwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo senkampani ephethe sivame ukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ekuncishisweni kwentela kanye nezinzuzo ezixhumene nezabelo ezibalulekile nezizinzile kwezinye izinkampani.
Isithombe esithuthukisiwe kanye nokufinyelela okukhulu kwezimali yizinye izimpikiswano eziphoqelelayo . Ukuzethula emabhange, abatshalizimali, noma kubaphathi bomphakathi njengeqembu eliqinile, elinenkampani engumzali ehlanganisa imiphumela futhi iqondise ukuphathwa, kukhuthaza ukuzethemba okukhulu kunokuzethula njengeqembu elincane lama-SME angaxhunyiwe.
Ngomongo wokuhlela izabelo kanye namabhizinisi omndeni, inkampani ephethe iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu . Ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamasheya enkampanini eyodwa kanye nokuhlela ukudluliselwa kwawo ezinganeni noma kwezinye izindlalifa ngeminikelo noma amafa amasheya enkampani ephethe, kusetshenziswa ukwehla okukhulu kweNtela Yefa kanye neNtela Yesipho kanye neNtela Yengcebo lapho izidingo zebhizinisi lomndeni zihlangatshezwa.
Okokugcina, amaqembu afuna ukusabalala kwamanye amazwe avame ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokubamba ukuze ahlanganise ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe, aphathe ubungozi bezwe, ahlele ukugeleza kwezabelo futhi, kwezinye izimo, azuze ohlelweni lwezinhlangano eziphethe izibambiso zangaphandle zokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphandle kweSpain.
Izindlela zokusungula inkampani ephethe
Ngokombono osemthethweni, ukudala inkampani ephethe akuhlukile kakhulu ekusunguleni noma iyiphi enye inkampani yezentengiselwano . Kumelwe uye kummeli wezomthetho, wenze isivumelwano sokufakwa kwenkampani noma ukwenyuswa kwemali, ubhalise kwi-Commercial Registry, futhi uhambisane nezibopho zentela ezihambisanayo. Umehluko omkhulu usekutheni amasheya ezinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani anikelwa kanjani kanye nendlela okubhalwa ngayo ama-articles of association.
Enye indlela iwukudala inkampani entsha ezosebenza njengenkampani engumzali . Kulesi simo, abalingani bezinkampani ezahlukene banikela ngamasheya abo noma amasheya enkampanini entsha njengomnikelo ongeyona imali, belahla ilungelo labo lokwenqaba kuqala. Ngemva kokulinganisa la masheya nokunquma iphesenti elihambisana nomlingani ngamunye, ibhalansi yenkampani entsha ephethe iyalungiswa futhi ukuthengiselana kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni phambi kommeli olungisa izivumelwano.
Itayitela libhaliswe ku-Mercantile Registry kanye neFomu 600 lokudluliselwa kwempahla kanye nezenzo zomthetho ezibhaliwe ziyafakwa, okuvame ukukhululwa njengoba ukuthengiselana kuwela ngaphansi kohlelo lokungathathi hlangothi kwentela. Zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zokubhaliswa, i-Tax Agency kumele yaziswe ukuthi izidingo zokusebenzisa lolu hlelo olukhethekile sezihlangatsheziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe intela esheshayo ezinzuzweni zemali ezingakatholakali.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa inkampani ekhona njengenkampani engumzali wesikhathi esizayo . Kuleso simo, ukwenyuka kwemali kwenziwa ngeminikelo engeyona imali equkethe amasheya noma amasheya kwezinye izinkampani. Amasheya amasha noma amasheya enkampanini engumzali akhishwa futhi asatshalaliswe kubanikazi bamasheya abanikela ngamasheya abo, kanti yonke inqubo ifana kakhulu naleyo echazwe enkampanini esanda kudalwa.
Kuzo zombili izimo, kubalulekile ukubhala izindatshana zenhlangano ezicatshangelwe kahle . Lezi zilawula izindlela zokulawula nokuphatha zenkampani, ukusatshalaliswa kwezabelo, ukudluliselwa kwamasheya, ukungena nokuphuma kwabanikazi bamasheya abasha, kanye nezivumelwano ezithile ezizoqinisekisa ukuzinza kweqembu futhi zivimbele izingxabano zangaphakathi phakathi kwamagatsha omndeni noma abatshalizimali.
Izidingo nemibandela yokujoyina inkampani ephethe
Izinkampani eziba yingxenye yenkampani enkulu kumele zibe nezinga eliphansi lesakhiwo sazo . Akwanele ukuba yizinkampani ezizimele nje: okungcono kakhulu, kufanele zibe nezinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo, indawo yokusebenza, abasebenzi abaqashiwe, kanye nekhono langempela lokwenza ibhizinisi lazo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ufuna ukufaka izicelo zezinzuzo zentela ezihlobene namabhizinisi omndeni noma ukuhlanganiswa.
Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu noma inhlangano ekhangisa inkampani ephethe ibe namalungelo okuvota angaphezu kwengxenye yeqembu, nokuthi lesi sabelo sihlale sizinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze ufanelekele uhlelo lokuhlanganisa intela, isabelo senkampani engumzali ku-subsidiary ngayinye ngokuvamile kufanele silingane noma sibe ngaphezu kuka-75%, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezinye izidingo ezisemthethweni.
Ngokuphathelene nezinkampani eziphethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile, imithetho yentela idinga ukuthi inhloso yazo eyinhloko kube ukuphathwa kwamasheya , hhayi ukusebenza ngqo kwemisebenzi yezentengiselwano. Lokhu kunomthelela, isibonelo, elungelweni lokukhipha i-VAT ekhokhiwe ezindleleni zazo: izinkampani eziphethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile, ezinqunyelwe ekuqoqeni izinzuzo nokuphatha izibambiso, azikwazi ukukhipha i-VAT, kuyilapho izinkampani ezihlanganisa izimpahla ezixubile, ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinhlanganweni noma ezenza imisebenzi yezomnotho, zingakwenza lokho ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akwanele ukucela phambi kweziphathimandla zentela ukuthi inkampani ephethe yadalwa ukuze nje yonge intela . Kufanele kube nezizathu zomnotho ezizwakalayo, njengokuhlukahluka kwezinsizakalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano yangaphakathi, ukuqina kwesikhundla sokuncintisana, ukufinyeleleka kalula kumathenda omphakathi, noma isidingo sokuhlela ukukhula okuhlelekile kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinhlobo zezinkampani eziphethe amabhizinisi kanye nezigaba zama-conglomerate
Igama elithi “ukubamba” lihlanganisa amaqiniso ahlukene kakhulu , angahlukaniswa ngokwemisebenzi yawo, izinga lawo lokuhlanganyela ekuphatheni, noma uhlobo lwemisebenzi ayihlanganisa ndawonye. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukahluka kusiza ekwakheni isakhiwo esifanele kakhulu secala ngalinye.
Ngokombono wenhloso yazo kanye nezinga lokuzibandakanya kwazo, kuvame ukwenziwa umehluko phakathi kwezinkampani eziphethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile kanye nezinkampani eziphethe izimpahla ezixubile . Inkampani ephethe izimpahla ezihlanzekile izinikele kuphela ekubeni nezabelo noma amasheya kwezinye izinkampani, izikhawulela ekuqoqeni izinzuzo kanye nokunquma ukuthengwa noma ukuthengiswa kwazo; ayenzi noma yimuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi oqondile. Inkampani ephethe izimpahla ezixubile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphezu kokuphatha amasheya, yenza imisebenzi yezentengiselwano noma yezimboni egameni layo.
Uma sibheka uhlobo lweqembu, singakhuluma ngezinhlobo eziningana . Inkampani yokubamba iqembu lebhizinisi yigama elijwayelekile lanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esihlanganisa izinkampani ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene. Inkampani yokubamba egxile yakhiwe ngezinkampani ezisebenza emkhakheni ofanayo womsebenzi, zisebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwemikhakha. Inkampani yokubamba ezezimali, yona, iqhutshwa yizinkampani zamabhange noma zokutshalwa kwezimali futhi igxila amasheya emabhizinisini anjengezezimali.
Kukhona nezinkampani eziphethwe nguhulumeni, lapho imali eyinhloko ingumphakathi futhi ihlanganisa izinkampani lapho uhulumeni ephethe khona izabelo emikhakheni eyahlukene yeqhinga. Enye imodeli evame kakhulu yinkampani ephethe imindeni, lapho igatsha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lomndeni lilawula khona imali futhi lisebenzisa inkampani engumzali njengethuluzi lokuphathwa kwengcebo nokuhlela ukulandelana kwezabelo, ngokuvamile lihlanganisa amabhizinisi endabuko nokutshalwa kwezimali okusha.
Uma sandisa ukugxila kwethu emcabangweni we-conglomerate, singahlukanisa phakathi kwe-conglomerate ehlobene ne-conglomerate ehlukahlukene . Okokuqala, izinkampani zeqembu zitholakala ezigabeni ezahlukene zenqubo efanayo yokukhiqiza noma emikhakheni ehlobene; ekugcineni, amabhizinisi cishe awahlobene, futhi umqondo weqembu ungowezezimali kuphela futhi usekelwe ekuhlukaniseni izingozi.
Izinzuzo zenkampani ephethe ibhizinisi
Izinzuzo zokusungula inkampani ephethe kahle ziningi futhi zihlanganisa izici zentela, zenhlangano, kanye nezamasu . Kodwa-ke, inani layo langempela lincike esakhiweni esiphendula izidingo zangempela kanye nokuphathwa ngokuqinile.
Elinye lamandla alo amakhulu ukuxhumanisa nokwenza lula ukwenza izinqumo . Ngokugxilisa amandla okuvota enkampanini engumzali, kuba lula ukusungula isiqondiso esifanayo sazo zonke izinkampani zeqembu, ukuvimbela inkampani ngayinye ukuthi izenzele ngokuzimela, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokutshalwa kwezimali, izikweletu, kanye nokwabelana ngenzuzo ziyahambisana nezinhloso ezijwayelekile.
Ngokombono wentela, isakhiwo senkampani ephethe sivumela ukwehla komthwalo wentela ezicini eziningana . Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ithuba lokufaka isicelo sokukhululwa kwizabelo kanye nenzuzo enkulu ekuthengisweni kwamasheya abalulekile, ukususwa kwezisekelo zentela ezinhle nezimbi phakathi kwezinkampani zamaqembu, kanye nezinzuzo ku-Wealth Tax kanye ne-Inheritance kanye ne-Gift Tax lapho izidingo zebhizinisi lomndeni zihlangatshezwa.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuvikelwa kwempahla kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwezingozi . Ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi ibe yizinkampani ezingaphansi ezahlukene, izinkinga zezimali, zabasebenzi, noma zesibopho ezithinta enye yazo azithinti ngempela ezinye noma inkampani engumzali. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi emikhakheni enengozi ephezulu yokusebenza noma emasu okuhlukahlukana abe amabhizinisi angaphandle kwemisebenzi yendabuko yenkampani.
Umnotho wobukhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe nakho kusiza isakhiwo senkampani ephethe . Ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo ezifana nezinsizakusebenza zabantu, izinhlelo ze-IT, ukubalwa kwezimali, kanye nokuthenga kuvumela ukuxoxisana ngemibandela engcono nabahlinzeki, ukunciphisa izindleko ezizinzile, kanye nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluqoqwe enkampanini engumzali ukuthuthukisa izinqubo kuzo zonke izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo.
Okokugcina, ukuba khona kwenkampani ephethe imali ngokuvamile kuveza isithombe sokuzinza nobungcweti . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ekuxhasweni ngezimali ebhange, ukubamba iqhaza kumathenda omphakathi, ukuheha abalingani bokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokungena ezimakethe ezintsha ezidinga usayizi othile omncane noma ukuqina kwezimali okusunguliwe.
Izingozi kanye nokungalungi kokudala inkampani ephethe imali
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, isakhiwo senkampani ephethe siphinde sibe nezinkinga kanye nezingozi okufanele ziqondwe ngokucacile ngaphambi kokusisungula. Akuyona inhlamba yomlingo yazo zonke izinkinga zokuphatha, futhi akuyona ikhambi elifanele intela elisebenza kuzo zonke izimo.
Esinye sezithiyo zokuqala ukulahlekelwa ubunikazi benkampani ezinkampaneni . Ukuba khona okukhulu kwenkampani engumzali kunganciphisa isiko elihlukile lenkampani ngayinye, kuvimbele ukuqaliswa kwefilosofi efanayo, futhi kudale ukumelana namaqembu abaphathi ajwayele ukwenza izinqumo zawo.
Ukungezwani kwangaphakathi kanye nokuncintisana kungavela phakathi kwezinkampani ezahlukene ngaphakathi kweqembu . Ukuncintisana okuhlangene, ukwabiwa kwezinsiza okungafanele, noma ukungavumelani mayelana nokubaluleka kweminye imisebenzi kuneminye kungaholela ezingxabanweni ezinciphisa ubukhali futhi zidale isimo esibi senhlangano.
Ngokombono wezomthetho nowokuncintisana, isikhundla esiqinile senkampani ephethe izinkampani ezigxile kakhulu singaba nomthelela ekubuseni emakethe . Lapho iqembu lithola isisindo esikhulu emkhakheni othile, ingozi yemikhuba yokusondelana ne-monopoly kanye nokungenelela kweziphathimandla zokuncintisana ingavela, ikakhulukazi uma inkampani ephethe izinkampani ikhule ngokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa okulandelanayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphatha, ukugxilisa izinqumo enkampanini engumzali nakho kunezinkinga zako . Abanikazi bamasheya abambalwa ezinhlanganweni ezingaphansi bangase bathole ikhono labo lokungenelela ekuphathweni lilinganiselwe, futhi uma imithetho yenkampani ephethe ingachazwanga kahle, kungase kuvele ukungezwani noma izingxabano phakathi kwemindeni, amaqembu abanikazi bamasheya, noma izikhwama zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinezintshisekelo ezahlukene.
Okokugcina, ukuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina inkampani ephethe kuhilela izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nobunzima bokuphatha . Ama-akhawunti ahlukene kumele agcinwe, izibopho zokubika zangaphakathi kweqembu kumele zihlangatshezwe, izitatimende zezimali ezihlanganisiwe kumele zilungiswe uma kudingeka, kanye nemithetho yentela neyezentengiselwano, eshintsha njalo, kumele ilandelwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ngaphandle kweseluleko sochwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa okuqinile, inzuzo ecatshangelwayo ingaba yikhanda elibuhlungu elikhulu.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Conglomerate: isu, amathuba kanye nezingozi
Elinye lamasu ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu ahlobene nezinkampani ezinkulu ukuhlukahluka emabhizinisini abonakala engahlobene . Ngale ndlela, inkampani engumzali itshala imali emisebenzini ehlukene kakhulu ngenhloso yokusabalalisa ubungozi nokufuna imikhakha enenzuzo enkulu, noma ngabe akukho ukusebenzisana okusobala kokusebenza phakathi kwayo.
Ukukhanga okukhulu kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kwezinkampani ezinkulu ukunciphisa ingozi iyonke yenkampani . Uma umkhakha owodwa ungena enkingeni, eminye ingahlala izinzile noma ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo, inciphise umthelela kuma-akhawunti ahlanganisiwe. Isibonelo esivamile kungaba ukuhlanganisa amabhizinisi asebenza ngokujikeleza okukhulu, njengokwakha, nalawo avikela kakhulu, njengokusabalalisa imithi.
Kukhona futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yezezimali: imali eyengeziwe yezinye izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani ingaxhasa ukuntuleka kwezinye , okuvumela ukuthi amaphrojekthi esikhathi eside noma izigaba zokutshalwa kwezimali okujulile ziqhubeke ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ezimalini zangaphandle. Lokhu "kubambisana kwezezimali" kungenye yezizathu ezenza amaqembu amakhulu omhlaba wonke akhethe lo modeli ngokomlando.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwezinkampani ezinkulu kunezinkinga ezicacile uma kungaphathwa ngokuhlakanipha . Ukungabikho kokubambisana kwangempela kokusebenza kungenza iqembu libe yiqoqo lamabhizinisi angaxhunyiwe okunzima ukuwahlanganisa. Abaphathi benkampani engumzali badinga isikhathi nolwazi ukuze baqonde imikhakha ehlukene kakhulu, okuvimbela ukufezwa kwezinzuzo zokuncintisana eziqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda ngokweqile emisebenzini eminingi kungahlakaza ukunaka kanye nezinsizakusebenza , kulimaze ibhizinisi eliyinhloko eladala iqembu. Ukuhlanganisa kuba nzima kakhulu, izakhiwo ziba nzima, futhi kunengozi yokuthi abanikazi bamasheya bazobona i-conglomerate njengebhubhisa inani kunokuba ilidale, iphoqelele ukuhlukaniswa noma ukudluliselwa kwemali.
Izibonelo zezinkampani ezaziwayo
Ebhizinisini laseSpain nakwamanye amazwe, kunezibonelo eziningi zezinkampani eziphethe ezibonisa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sisebenza kanjani ngokoqobo . Ezinye zigxila emkhakheni othile, kanti ezinye ziphatha amaphothifoliyo ahlukahlukene kakhulu.
I-Inditex cishe iyisibonelo esicashunwe kakhulu eSpain . Inkampani yayo engumzali, i-Industria de Diseño Textil, SA, ilawula imikhiqizo eyaziwayo njenge-Zara, i-Pull&Bear, i-Massimo Dutti, i-Bershka, ne-Oysho, kanye nezinkampani ezizinikele ekuthuthweni kwempahla, ukuphathwa kwezindlu, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisizayo zeqembu. Ngenkathi izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwenkampani zihilelekile emisebenzini ehlobene nemfashini, ezinye zigxila ekuthengeni, ekuthengisweni kwezindlu, noma ekusekelweni, konke ngaphansi kwesambulela senkampani engumzali.
Esinye isibonelo esifanele yiMahou San Miguel , ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zobhiya ezifana neMahou, iSan Miguel, ne-Alhambra. Izinhlangano zaseSpain ezifana neRepsol neFerrovial, noma amaqembu omshwalense afana neGrupo Catalana Occidente, nawo angashiwo; wonke ahlelwe njengezinkampani eziphethe ezilawula izinkampani eziningi ezingaphansi kwamanye amazwe kanye nemikhakha yebhizinisi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, isibonelo esivelele sesakhiwo senkampani yesimanje yokubamba izimpahla yi-Alphabet , inkampani engumzali we-Google kanye nezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphakathi kweqembu elifanayo. Emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yabathengi, i-Coca-Cola Company kanye ne-PepsiCo nazo zisebenza njengezinkampani ezibamba izimpahla ezihlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi kanye nemigqa yebhizinisi ngaphansi kwenhlangano eyodwa.
Emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwamanye amazwe kuphela, izinkampani zokubamba zangaphandle (ama-ETVE) ziyagqama. Lezi ziwuhlobo lwenkampani yokubamba elawulwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wentela Yengeniso Yenkampani ukuze kuqondiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini ezingezona ezokuhlala. Lezi zakhiwo zisetshenziswe ukuhlanganisa izabelo zamazwe ngamazwe, kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluthile lwentela, uma nje izimo zomthetho zihlangatshezwana ngokuqinile.
Ekugcineni, ngale kwegama leqembu, okuphawula zonke lezi zimo ukuba khona kwenkampani engumzali ebeka isu, elawula imali yezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo, futhi eqondisa ukukhula, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwayo yonke, evumelanisa isakhiwo ngaso sonke isikhathi nezinguquko emakethe kanye nemithethonqubo.
Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi iyini inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi, ukuthi ilawulwa kanjani, kanye nezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo kuvumela ukuhlolwa okucatshangelwe kahle kokuthi kunengqondo yini ukusebenzisa eyodwa eqenjini elithile lezinkampani noma ukuthi amafomula alula ayathandwa yini. Uma kukhona ukuhlela okungathi sína, izizathu zomnotho ezicacile, kanye nokuphatha okuhle, inkampani ephethe ibhizinisi iba ithuluzi elinamandla lokukhula, ukuvikelwa kwempahla, kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu ekuphatheni amabhizinisi amaningi ngaphansi kokuphathwa okukodwa.