Inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe: incazelo, umlando, izinhlobo, izinzuzo, ukugxekwa kanye nezibonelo

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Ukukhuluma ngezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe namuhla akugcini nje ngezinkampani ezinkulu: kumayelana nendlela umnotho womhlaba ohlelwe ngayo, indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo, kanye nendlela izitayela ezibunjwa ngayo. Nsuku zonke, sisebenzisa imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezidlule emazweni amaningana ngaphambi kokuba zisifikele, futhi ngemuva kwalolo hambo kunezakhiwo zezinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi ezine- ukuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwazo zisakazeke emhlabeni wonke.

Lezi zinhlangano zavela ezinqubweni zomlando zokwanda kwezentengiselwano nezobuchwepheshe. Ukuqonda ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi zivelaphi, nokuthi kungani zidala impikiswano engaka kusiza ekuchazeni indima yazo yamanje. Kuyo yonke le ncwadi, uzothola izincazelo ezicacile, izinhlobo, umlando, izinzuzo, kanye nokugxekwa, kanye izibonelo eziqondile kanye nomehluko ngemibono ehlobene njengenkampani yomhlaba wonke, yamazwe ngamazwe noma yamazwe ngamazwe.

Iyini inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe?

Kalula nje, inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe iyinkampani enayo imisebenzi kanye nempahla emazweni angaphezu kwelilodwaKodwa-ke, iqondisa yonke imisebenzi kusukela endlunkulu enkulu (inkampani engumzali), evame ukutholakala ezweni lapho ivela khona. Lokhu kuba khona okuningi kungabandakanya ukukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa, ucwaningo, ukuthengisa, noma eminye imisebenzi, njalo ngaphansi kwesambulela sokulawula esifanayo.

Akufanele kudidaniswe nezinye izibalo: inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ingangenisa futhi ithumele kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokutshala imali kwamanye amazwe; inkampani yomhlaba wonke ifisa ukubona umhlaba njengomunye. imakethe eyodwa enezinqumo ezinkulu zamasuFuthi inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ivame ukudlulisela ukuzimela okwengeziwe emahhovisi ayo aphesheya kwezilwandle. Sizohlola umehluko ngokuseduze kamuva, ngoba akuhlali kukhona ukuvumelana kwezemfundo futhi empeleni imingcele iyafiphala.

Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sazo sendawo, lezi zinkampani zivame ukugcina ubunikazi bomkhiqizo obufanayo kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile uma zifanele, yize Bavumelanisa amasu ebhizinisi, amanani, noma ukumaketha emakethe ngayinye. kuye ngesiko lendawo, ulimi, noma amandla okuthenga.

Isici esiphindaphindayo ukuthi umkhiqizo oyinhloko awushintshi kangako phakathi kwamazwe (isibonelo, uphethiloli noma isofthiwe kuhlala kufana), kuyilapho indlela okuthengiswa ngayo noma ukuhlelwa kwamaqembu kungahluka kakhulu. Isihluthulelo ibhalansi. ukusebenza kahle komhlaba wonke kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwendawo.

Izici eziyinhloko nezici

Ngokwemvelo yazo, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zichazwa uchungechunge lwe izimfanelo ezivame ukuvela ezimweni eziningi, futhi okusiza ukuhlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokusebenza kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwezibaluleke kakhulu, okulandelayo kuyagqama ngenxa yomthelela kanye nobubanzi bazo:

• Ukuba khona emazweni amaningi ngezinkampani ezingaphansi, izitshalo noma amagatsha, kanye i-matrix njengesikhungo sesinqumo.
• Ukukhiqizwa komthamo omkhulu kanye nezintambo zokuhlinzeka eziwela imingcele lapho ithini elihle litholakala khona kuzokhiqizwa ngezigaba ezindaweni eziningana.
• Ukusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe, ukumaketha, kanye nezinhlangano zezimboni ezithuthukile, kanye utshalomali olubalulekile ku-R&D.
• Amandla okuthola ithonya kwezomnotho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kwezepolitiki, ngenxa yobukhulu bemali yabo, engadlula i-GDP yamanye amazwe.
• Ulwazi olujulile lwemithethonqubo kanye izindlela zezepolitiki ezindaweni lapho zisebenza khona, okwenza kube lula ukuqaliswa kwazo.
• Ukukhula okuvamile ngokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa kwezinkampani ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu, kufinyelelwe ezimakethe, noma kufakwe ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile.

Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, isisindo sayo sikhulu kakhulu: kulinganiselwa ukuthi Bahamba cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokuhweba komhlaba wonkeLo mthamo uthinta abaphakeli, abancintisana nabo, imithetho, futhi ekugcineni, indlela esiyisebenzisa futhi esisebenza ngayo emikhakheni eminingi.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba: ngesakhiwo, ngendlela, nangobubanzi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi zihlelwe futhi zanda kanjani, kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa eziningana izinhlobo zezinkampani ezivela ezincwadini zezomnotho kanye nasemisebenzini yebhizinisi. Ngayinye inikeza umbono ohlukile ngobunkimbinkimbi benkampani yamazwe ngamazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokombono wemodeli yokukhiqiza, yamasiko, noma yokwandisa.

Ngokusho kochungechunge lwayo lokukhiqiza

• Kuhlanganiswe ngokuvundlile: bakhiqiza imikhiqizo efanayo noma efana kakhulu emazweni ahlukene. Izibonelo ezaziwayo zifaka phakathi I-McDonald's, i-United Fruit Company, i-BHP Billiton noma i-Mercadona.
• Kuhlanganiswe ngokuma: bagxila emazweni athile izimpahla eziphakathi ezihlinzeka ngomkhiqizo wokugcina kwamanye. I-Timex, i-General Motors, i-Adidas noma i-Nutella Zibonisa lo modeli.
• Ezihlukahlukene: Bakhiqiza izimpahla ezahlukene noma bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukene ezindaweni ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi: I-Samsung, i-Novartis, i-Alstom noma i-Altria Group.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kuhlukaniswa kanjani ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindleko, ukufinyelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, amakhono, noma ukusondela ezimakethe. Umphumela uba izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba wonke futhi kuncike ezintengweni, amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali, kanye nokuzinza kokulawula.

Ngokusho kohlobo lukaHoward Perlmutter

• Ubuhlanga: ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile ezweni lendabuko; izinqumo ezibalulekile zithathwa ku-matrix futhi izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo ziyayiqhuba.
• Ama-Polycentric: ahlukanisa kakhulu izindawo, ngenkululeko enkulu yokuthi izinkampani ezingaphansi kwenkampani zivumelane nesimo sendawo.
• I-Geocentric: bathatha ukwahlukaniswa kwezindawo ngokwedlulele; ingxenye ngayinye engaphansi ichaza inqubomgomo yayo ngaphakathi kombono womhlaba wonke ohlanganyelwe.

Empeleni, izinkampani eziningi hlanganisa izici Lezi zindlela zisekelwe emsebenzini (isb., i-R&D ehlanganisiwe, ukumaketha kwendawo) futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziya ngokuya zithuthuka zibe amamodeli ahlanganiswe emhlabeni jikelele njengoba zikhula futhi zifunda.

Okwamazwe ngamazwe, okwamazwe ngamazwe, okwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwamazwe ngamazwe

Omunye umndeni wezigaba uhlukanisa ububanzi kanye nokuphatha yemisebenzi:

• Kwamanye Amazwe: Bangenisa futhi bathumela kwamanye amazwe, benotshalomali oluqondile oluncane noma bengenalo nhlobo. Ukuba khona kwabo kwamanye amazwe kungaba ezohwebo kunokuba zikhiqize.
• Izizwe eziningi: zitshala imali kwamanye amazwe futhi zisebenza emazweni amaningana, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele kohlelo lokumaketha; lungisa izimakethe ukugcina isiqondiso esiphakathi.
• Emhlabeni jikelele: Babona iplanethi njengemakethe eyodwa futhi bathambekele ekulinganiseni ngangokunokwenzeka, yize ukusebenza kwendawo kuyinto ijwayela isiko nolimi.
• Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe: ubunzima obukhulu, ngezikhungo eziyinhloko kanye nokwenza izinqumo, ukumaketha, ngisho namandla Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa emazweni amaningiamahhovisi angaphandle azimele ngokwezinga elithile.

Akukho ukuvumelana okuphelele ngomehluko phakathi kwe-international kanye ne-transnational. Eminye imithombo iwaphatha njengamagama afanayo; eminye iphakamisa ukuthi i-transnational inezela ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu noma ithembele kakhulu ku- ama-franchise kanye "namakhophi" endawo, ngokungafani neqembu lamazwe ngamazwe njengeqembu lezinto ezikhiqizayo ezisatshalaliswayo.

Imvelaphi kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komlando

Izimpande zalezi zinhlangano zingalandelelwa emuva ekukhuleni kwezimakethe ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha kanye nokwanda kokuhweba eYurophu. Maphakathi nekhulu le-16 eLondon, i- Inkampani yaseMuscovy Kwakhulisa ukuhwebelana neRussia; ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngekhulu le-17, izinkampani zaseBrithani, zaseDutch, zaseSweden, naseDenmark East India zachuma, futhi ibhange laseRothschild Waphonsa amanetha akhe emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu.

Imbewu yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zanamuhla yahlwanyelwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho izinkampani eziningana zanquma khona bakha amafektri ngaphandle kwamazwe abo ukugwema intela nokunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba nezabasebenzi. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lesi simo sashesha, izinkampani zaseMelika ziletha ulwazi lwezimali, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa eYurophu naseJapan ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha.

Phakathi kwabahlaziyi abaphambili balesi simo, okulandelayo kuyaphawuleka: UJohn Kenneth Galbraithkusukela ngo-1967, wachaza ukuthi ukuba yinhloko kwalezi zinkampani kwaba nemiphumela ejulile kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nakwezepolitiki. Kuye, inkampani enkulu yanamuhla inciphisa ubungozi besakhiwo ngokusayina izinkontileka zesikhathi eside (nabahlinzeki, amakhasimende, ngisho nezinyunyana) nangokunwebeka kwezezimali, okushintsha Umncintiswano wendabuko kanye nolwazi "oluphelele" okuyinto ecatshangelwayo lokhu.

Ukugxekwa kukaGalbraith kuhlobene nezingxoxo zangaphambilini: Adam Smith Uxwayise ngengxabano phakathi kwabanikazi nabaphathi nokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezintshisekelo kungaphambukisa kanjani imakethe; UJoseph A. Schumpeter Waqamba igama elithi “usomabhizinisi ochwepheshe” othatha izingozi ezingezona ezomuntu siqu futhi asungule izinto ezintsha, kodwa isisusa sakhe esingahambisani nenhlalakahle ye abatshalizimali noma inkampani.

Lokhu kungezwani phakathi kobunikazi (abanikazi bamasheya) kanye nokulawula (abaphathi) kwavuselela izinhlaka zangaphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi, ezazivimbela ukusungula izinto ezintsha. IBM, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zanamuhla, ezazinezigaba eziningi zokuphatha ezabambezela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo futhi zabangela ukulahlekelwa okungokomlando ekuqaleni kwawo-90, kuyilapho izimbangi ezisheshayo zase zivele zisebenza.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kukhuthazwa yi-digitization, umqondo wokuthi "Inkampani ehlanganiswe emhlabeni wonke"Okuthandwa kakhulu yiSam Palmisano (IBM): thola ihhovisi noma abaphathi lapho kusebenza kahle khona; thumela imisebenzi yangaphandle; sebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa lwezokuthutha esikhundleni samanethiwekhi esifunda; futhi uhlukanise inkampani ezweni elithile, ngokwenza izinqumo, ukukhiqiza, ngisho nezikhungo. indawo yokuhlala yabaphathi abaphezulu esakazwe, ixhunywe nge-inthanethi.

Ubunikazi, amandla ezezimali kanye nezimali zomcebo wombuso

Olunye ushintsho olubalulekile lube ukuthi ubani oxhasa ngezimali futhi, ekugcineni, abe nengxenye enkulu yemali yomhlaba wonke. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, izimali zengcebo ezizimele (eziphethwe yiMibuso), kanye namacala afana ne-United Arab Emirates, iSingapore, iSaudi Arabia noma iNorway, aphatha amakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi.

Cishe ngo-2010 kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ndawonye bangafinyelela AmaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-17 (aseSpain)inani elanele ukuthenga zonke izinkampani zase-US, ngokusho kokunye ukubikezela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhwama zempesheni—zomphakathi nezizimele—zahlanganisa isikhundla sazo njengabatshalizimali abakhulu: ngaphambi nje kuka-2005, zazibambe cishe izinkulungwane eziyisithupha. izigidigidi zamaRandi aseMelika yamadola.

Lokhu kudluliswa kwezimali kuphonsela inselelo isibalo sobungxowankulu bakudala futhi kusikisela ubunikazi obuhlakazekile phakathi kwezifundazwe nabasebenzi ngezimali, kuyilapho amandla okwenza izinqumo agxilile ngokuya ngokuya emaqenjini okuphatha ochwepheshe anamathuluzi okuphatha omhlaba wonke.

Umthelela wezomnotho, wezenhlalo kanye nowezepolitiki

Ukukhula kwalezi zinkampani kunemiphumela engafani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziletha imisebenzi, utshalomali, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokufinyelela ezimakethe; ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla okuthenga nokuxoxisana Kungacindezela izimiso zemvelo zokuncintisana zendawo kanye nezindinganiso zabasebenzi uma ohulumeni bencintisana ukuheha utshalomali ngokunciphisa izidingo.

Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziqasha cishe 3% wabasebenzi bomhlaba wonkefuthi abantu abangaphansi kwengxenye balaba bazobe besemazweni aseNingizimu Yomhlaba. Kwezinye izimo, ukuncintisana ngokutshalwa kwezimali kuholele ezimweni zokusebenza ezingaqinisekile kanye nokubuthakathaka kwamalungelo abasebenzi, kuyilapho amabhizinisi endawo ayasuswa yiziqhwaga ezinezinga eliphezulu lezomnotho.

Abagxeki baphinde babhekisele emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu kwezemvelo: kusukela ukuwohloka kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo kusukela emisebenzini yokwemba kuya ezinhlekeleleni zezimboni ezifana nalezo eziseBhopal, eNdiya. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano zabasebenzi, izinhlangano ezizimele, kanye nezinhlangano zezakhamuzi ziqalise imikhankaso futhi zathola ukuthi i-cyberactivism indlela yokwenza ukuxhashazwa kubonakale futhi kuqhutshwe ushintsho.

Emkhakheni wolwazi nokukhangisa, uGalbraith uxwayise ngokuthi ukulawula izabelomali ezinkulu zokumaketha kungaphambukisa "ulwazi oluzimele" olucatshangelwa ukuncintisana okuphelele. Namuhla, ngaphezu kokukhangisa okuvamile, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe idatha yokulandelela kanye nobuchwepheshe ukwenza izikhangiso zibe ngezakho, okuvula izingxoxo ezengeziwe mayelana nobumfihlo kanye namandla emakethe.

Izinzuzo eziphikiswana ngazo kanye nokugxekwa okuvamile

Labo ababavikelayo bathi ukufika kwabo ezweni elithile kudala imisebenzi, kuvuselela imikhakhaIkhuthaza ubuchwepheshe kanye nokudluliselwa kokuphathwa futhi ivula iminyango yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuvamile, ezinye zezinzuzo zihlala emnothweni wendawo ngentela kanye nochungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla.

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi abaningi bafuna amazwe aneholo eliphansi namalungelo abasebenzi alinganiselwe, benciphisa izindleko ngezindleko izimo zokusebenza kanye nentelangokusebenzisa amasu okugwema. Ezingeni lezenhlalo, baxwayisa ngengozi yokuqongelela amandla angakwazi ukuthonya inqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nokwakha ukukhetha komphakathi ngendlela engacacile.

Izibonelo eziphawulekayo kanye nokuba khona ngezwe

Phakathi kwabaholi bomhlaba, iziqhwaga zaseMelika ziyagqama. I-GAFAM (i-Google, i-Amazon, i-Facebook/Meta, i-Apple, ne-Microsoft) kanye nomthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, i-Walmart. Okwamanje, abancintisana nabo abakhulu baseShayina, I-BATX (i-Baidu, i-Alibaba, i-Tencent kanye ne-Xiaomi) zibusa izingxenye zobuchwepheshe beselula, ezentengiselwano kanye nezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi e-Asia.

Ezweni lamaHispanic, kunezinkampani zezimali zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana I-Banco Santander y BBVAngokuba khona okuqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele. ESpain, izinkampani ezinkulu nazo ziyagqama, njenge ACTION, I-INDRA u OHLngayinye inomlando wayo wemikhakha kanye nowezindawo.

Izibonelo zakudala ngokwemikhakha zifaka phakathi McDonald (ukudla okusheshayo okunemodeli ye-franchise kanye nokuba khona emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu), -Google (izinsizakalo zedijithali kanye nezikhungo zedatha zomhlaba wonke), Samsung (Inkampani yaseNingizimu Korea enamabhizinisi obuchwepheshe kanye nokwakha), Microsoft (izinsizakalo zesofthiwe namafu) noma Nike y Adidas (izingubo zezemidlalo ezinamanethiwekhi okukhiqiza nokusabalalisa emhlabeni jikelele).

Kwezezimoto, Toyota Isebenza nezimboni namahhovisi asakazeke emhlabeni wonke; eziphuzweni, Inkampani yeCoca-Cola Igcine izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo emazweni amaningi kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. ELatin America, Imakethe yamahhala Kuyisibonelo senkundla yezentengiselwano ze-inthanethi kanye nezinkokhelo zesifunda esezande zaya emazweni ayi-18.

Ngokusho kwedatha eshicilelwe yimithombo yezindaba ekhethekile, kwikota yokuqala ka-2021 izinkulungwane eziyishumi ezinkulu ngokwezimali zemakethe zazihlanganisa Apple (esilinganisweni samaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingu-2,053), I-Aramco (~1,836 trillion), Microsoft (~1,752 trillion), Amazon (~1,557 trillion), Alphabet (~1,368 trillion), Tencent (~819.000 billion), Facebook/Meta (~733.000 billion), Tesla (~648.000 billion), Alibaba (~643.000 billion) kanye Berkshire Hathaway (~566.000 billion). Lezi zibalo zisiza ekubekeni ubukhulu bayo endaweni efanele amandla ezezimali kanye nemakethe yamasheya.

Umehluko: wamazwe ngamazwe, womhlaba wonke, wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nowamazwe ngamazwe

Ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka, kufanelekile ukukhumbula izinto ezintathu ezingokoqobo ezingafani. Okokuqala, inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe isebenza emazweni amaningana i-matrix eveleleInkampani yomhlaba wonke ihlose ukuba khona kweplanethi kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezihlanganisiwe, cishe njengokungathi iyimakethe eyodwa. Okwesibili, imikhiqizo yenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ivame ukufana kakhulu endaweni ngayinye, kanti imikhiqizo yenkampani yomhlaba wonke ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukunikezwa kwakho kungahluka kakhulu ngezwe, kugcinwa uphawu kanye nenhloso.

Okwesithathu, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zivame ukusabalalisa amandla okwenza izinqumo, i-R&D, kanye nokumaketha kabanzi phakathi kwezinkampani ezingaphansi, zisondela eduze kwamanethiwekhi ezikhungo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ingenza ibhizinisi eliwela imingcele ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okubonakalayo kwamanye amazwe, kugxilwe ekungeniseni/ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ekunikezeni amalayisense noma ekubambisaneni.

Izidingo ezijwayelekile zokucabangela inkampani njengenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe

Nakuba kungekho "uhlu olusemthethweni", empeleni kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana ezamukelwa kabanzi: ukuba khona kanye ukumaketha emazweni ahlukene; ukuzivumelanisa namasu (ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo kanye umsebenzi wenkampani); isakhiwo sokuphatha izinkampani esihlanganisiwe; kanye umthelela ofanele kwezomnotho ngokusebenzisa iminikelo yezimali, imisebenzi, kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Izitayela nokuthi ziyaphi

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izitayela eziningana ziye zashesha. Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali—kusukela I-AI kanye ne-automation Kusukela ekuhlaziyeni okuthuthukisiwe kuya ekuzinzeni nasekubuseni (ESG), ukuzinza kanye nokubusa (ESG) sekubaluleke kakhulu maqondana nomthethonqubo kanye nedumela, okuphoqa izilinganiso kanye imibiko edinga kakhulu.

Ukuhleleka komsebenzi nakho kuyashintsha: imisebenzi yasehhovisi elingemuva inikezwa abantu bangaphandle, amaqembu ayasatshalaliswa, ukusebenza ngocingo kuyaqaliswa, futhi kusungulwa ama-hub omhlaba wonke. Kukhona ukusunduza okubonakalayo okuya kumodeli "yenkampani ehlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke" lapho umsebenzi ngamunye utholakala noma kuphi lapho kudingeka khona. isilinganiso sezindleko nenani elihle kakhulu Inikeza, nabahlinzeki abakhethekile bemisebenzi engeyona eyesu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa kwezenhlalo kanye nokulawula kuyanda ezindaweni ezifana nokuncintisana, idatha, kanye nentela, kanye nokubambisana komphakathi kanye nezizimele ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Isifundo esiyisisekelo ukuthi izidingo zamazwe ngamazwe zanamuhla isivinini sokuzivumelanisa nezimoukuzwela kwendawo kanye nendaba ethembekile yomthelela omuhle ukuze igcine ilayisensi yayo yezenhlalo yokusebenza.

Uma sibheka lesi sithombe sonke ngombono othile, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziqondwa kangcono njengezinhlelo eziphilayo ezilinganisela ubukhulu kanye nokushesha, ukulawula kanye nokuzimela, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusondelana. Umlando wazo—kusukela ezinkampanini zase-East India kuya ebhizinisini elihlanganisiwe ledijithali—uchaza okuningi komnotho wanamuhla, kanye nezinqumo zazo ezizayo mayelana nomsebenzi, ukusimama, intela, ukuncintisana, idatha, kanye nobuchwepheshe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinhle noma zimbi kangakanani, kuzokwakha ikusasa lomhlaba. ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kwamashumi eminyaka ezayo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Amaketanga enani lomhlaba wonke: ukuthi ayini, asebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani ebalulekile