- Ama-IFI asebenza njengezinhlangano zokulawula zangaphandle eziqapha izibikezelo zezomnotho kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yezezimali.
- ESpain, i-AIReF iyindikimba enesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwezezimali kanye nokucaca kwesabelomali.
- Lezi zikhungo ziyingxenye yenethiwekhi yaseYurophu eyenzelwe ukuvimbela ukungabi nasimilo kwezezimali nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwendawo ye-euro.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuphathwa kwezimali zomphakathi, kuvame ukuvela ukungabaza ngokuthi ama-akhawunti alethwe ohulumeni angokoqobo yini. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi izinombolo zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele ngokwezintshisekelo zezepolitiki zamanje, kusungulwe izikhungo zezimali ezizimele. Lezi zinhlangano zisebenza "njengeso langaphandle" ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzinza kwesabelomali akusona nje isithembiso, kodwa kuyinto engokoqobo.
Le modeli ayintsha, yize isibe yinto ebalulekile ngemuva kokuwohloka komnotho iYurophu ebhekane nakho. Umqondo ulula kodwa unamandla: ukuba nomuntu onolwazi lobuchwepheshe, hhayi lwezepolitiki, anqume ukuthi izibikezelo zokukhula zinembile noma ukuthi ukuntuleka kwemali kuya ngokuya kukhuphuka. Lokhu kuhlose ukuqinisekisa izakhamuzi ukuthi kukhona ukuqapha okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi.
Umsuka kanye nokuvela kwe-IFIs eYurophu
Umlando walezi zinhlangano uqala maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Eqinisweni, iNetherlands yayiyiphayona ngo-1947 lapho isungula iNetherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB), ehlala iyigunya elihamba phambili kulo mkhakha namuhla . Kancane kancane, amanye amazwe afana neJalimane, iBelgium, neDenmark alandela okufanayo, yize ukuchuma kwangempela kwafika nezincomo ze-OECD kanye nesidingo sokuletha ukuhleleka endaweni ye-euro.
Inkinga yezezimali yaseYurophu yaphoqa ukuthi kucatshangelwe kabusha indlela izabelomali zamazwe angamalungu ezaziqashwa ngayo. Ngemva kwezinguquko ezibalulekile njengeSivumelwano Sokuzinza Nokukhula sika-2011 kanye ne-"Two Pack" ka-2013 eyalandela, kwaba yinto ebalulekile ukuthi izwe ngalinye libe negunya lezezimali elizimele. Inhloso yayicacile: ukuqinisekisa isimiso sokuzinza ukuze ukuhlanganiswa komnotho we-Economic and Monetary Union kungaphazanyiswa ukuntuleka kwesiyalo kwamanye amalungu.
I-AIReF: Umnakekeli wama-akhawunti eSpain
Ezweni lakithi, lo myalelo wafezeka ngokudalwa kwe-Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-AIReF. Lo mzimba wasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoNovemba 2013, uqhutshwa yi-Organic Law 6/2013 futhi uhambisana ne-Article 135 yoMthethosisekelo. Empeleni, i-AIReF iyinhlangano eqapha ukusimama kwezezimali zoMbuso , iqinisekisa ukuthi asichithi imali engaphezu kwalokho esingakuxhasa esikhathini eside.
Uma sibheka isakhiwo sayo, sibona ukuthi ihlelwe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: Ukuhlaziywa Kwesabelomali, Ukuhlaziywa Kwezomnotho, kanye Nezindaba Zezomthetho Nezezikhungo. Zonke zisebenza ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikamongameli, okumele avunyelwe yiningi eliphelele ekomitini elifanele leCongress of Deputies, ukuze avimbele ukuba ngumuntu oqokwe kwezepolitiki nguhulumeni ophethe.
Eminyakeni edlule, isikhundla sikamongameli sidlule ezandleni zabantu abanjengoJosé Luis Escrivá noCristina Herrero. Muva nje, ukuqokwa kuka-Inés Olóndriz de Moraga kwadala impikiswano ethile yezepolitiki ngoba wayevela eMnyangweni Wezezimali, okwabonwa eminye imikhakha njengokuntuleka kokuzimela , yize ekugcineni wathola imvume edingekayo yephalamende.
Izinhloso eziyisisekelo kanye nokusebenza
I-AIReF (Igunya Elizimele Lomthwalo Wezimali) ayigcini nje ngokukhiqiza imibiko egcina iqoqa uthuli ekhabetheni; inemisebenzi ethile ethinta impilo yezomnotho yezwe. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ifuna ukucaca okuphelele, iveze noma yikuphi ukucwasa ezibikezelweni zomnotho omkhulu uhulumeni angase akwethule. Ngamanye amazwi, uma uhulumeni enethemba elikhulu ngokukhula kwe-GDP, i-AIReF iyangena ukuze inikeze umbono ongokoqobo.
- Isiyalo sezimali: Ukuvimbela isabelomali ukuthi singashintshwa yingcindezi evela emaqenjini anentshisekelo noma ukusondela kokhetho.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweYurophu: Ukusebenzisana eduze ne-EU Network of Independent Fiscal Institutions ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imigomo iyafana.
- Ukugadwa kobuchwepheshe: Hlaziya izinga lokuthobela imithetho yentela kazwelonke kanye neyangaphandle kwezwe.
Ukuze kufezwe le misebenzi, ihhovisi likamongameli lisizwa yiKhansela Elilulekayo elakhiwe ngochwepheshe abadumile, njengoRafael Álvarez Blanco noma uJordi Caballé, abahlinzeka ngombono wobungcweti kanye nemikhakha eminingi ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha yomphakathi.
Ukubaluleka kwalolu hlelo kulele eqinisweni lokuthi luhlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali (okuyisibopho sikahulumeni) nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwaso (okuyisibopho se-IFI). Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa uhlelo lokuhlola nokulinganisela lapho ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bunqoba khona imibono , okuvumela ukusimama kwamazinga esikweletu somphakathi kube yinto ebalulekile enqubomgomo yezomnotho.
