- Ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye kusungula inani elihlakaniphile neliningiliziwe lempahla elisebenza njengesisekelo sebhange sokunikeza imali mboleko yendlu.
- Inani elibhekisela ku-Cadastre liyisisekelo esiyinhloko esikhokhiswa intela ku-ITP kanye ne-AJD, kodwa livumela inselelo uma idlula inani lemakethe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yendlu kwenza inani elibhekiselwe lingasebenzi kuphela uma lifanelekile, ngokuqhathanisa okufanele kanye nencazelo yobuchwepheshe eqinile.
- Ukuqonda amadokhumenti, izinsuku zokugcina, izindleko, kanye nezixwayiso embikweni wokuhlola kukusiza ukuthi uhlele ukuthenga kwakho futhi ugweme izinkinga neziphathimandla zentela kanye nebhange.
La ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye Sekuyisici esibalulekile lapho uthenga indlu, usayina imali mboleko yendlu, futhi ngokuya ngokuxoxisana neziphathimandla zentela ngenani elifakwa endaweni ethile ngezintela ezithile. Akuyona nje inqubo yebhange: uma isetshenziswa kahle, ingaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokufakazela inani langempela lemakethe yendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo we inani lereferensi ye-cadastral Inkundla yokudlala isishintshe ngokuphelele ngezintela ezifana ne-Property Transfer Tax (ITP), i-Stamp Duty (AJD), kanye ne-Inheritance kanye ne-Gift Tax. Izinkantolo zicacisa imikhawulo yaleli nani eliyinkomba nokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-mortgage, uma kukhethwe ngendlela efanele futhi kuchazwe kahle, kungasetshenziswa nini ukukuphikisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyini, kwenziwa kanjani, ukuthi ubani okusayinayo, ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti akudingayo, nokuthi kuhlobene kanjani nenani eliyinkomba kubalulekile ukugwema ukumangala okungathandeki ebhange noma kuziphathimandla zentela.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye?
Uma sikhuluma ngakho ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye Sibhekisela embikweni wobuchwepheshe olungiselelwe isiqinisekiso semali mboleko ethile, esikhishwe ngumhloli wemali ofanelekayo ovela enkampanini egunyaziwe yiBhange laseSpain. Lo mbiko uhlaziya indawo ethile kanye nomongo wayo ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kutholakale inani elihlakaniphile nelihlala isikhathi eside. Akuyona isilinganiso esilinganiselwe noma inani elijwayelekile lendawo; ugxila ezicini ezithile zendawo ehlolwayo.
Lokhu kuhlolwa ngenhloso yesiqinisekiso semali mboleko yendlu kulawulwa yi- I-oda le-ECO 805/2003 futhi kuxhunywe, phakathi kokunye, noMthetho 1/2013 ngokuvikelwa kwabakweleta imali mboleko yendlu. Ibhange lizosebenzisa inani eliboniswe kulowo mbiko njengesisekelo sokubala inani lemali mboleko eliphezulu elizimisele ukulinikeza, ngokuvamile lisebenzisa iphesenti kulelo nani (isibonelo, i-80%) yakudala.
Ukwenziwa komuntu ngamunye kubalulekile: umbiko kumele uchaze ukuthi lelo nani elithile lifinyelelwe kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezifanayo ezisetshenzisiwe, ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezisetshenziswe, nokuthi indawo, isimo sendawo, noma imikhawulo yayo yezomthetho iyithinta kanjani. Uma kuyisibalo nje esingenancazelo eyengeziwe, ngeke kube usizo ekuphonseleni inselelo ezinye izindinganiso ezisemthethweni, njengenani lereferensi ye-cadastral.
Inani lereferensi ye-cadastral, inani lemakethe kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko
Eminyakeni yamuva, i Inani lereferensi ye-Cadastre Sekuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sentela ekhokhwayo yentela efana neNtela Yokudluliselwa Kwempahla kanye Nentela Yesitembu (ITP kanye ne-AJD) kanye neNtela Yefa Neyesipho (ISD), lapho kukhulunywa ngezindlu. Leli nani linqunywa ngokungenaphutha yi-Directorate General ye-Cadastre kusetshenziswa idatha enkulu yokuthengiselana, ngaphandle kokuvakashela impahla ngayinye ngayinye.
Umthetho ojwayelekile ku-ITP kanye ne-AJD ukuthi isisekelo sentela sizoba yi- inani lereferensi lamanje ngosuku lokuqoqa intela. Uma inani elimenyezelwe noma intengo ebhalwe encwadini iphakeme kunenani elibhekiselwe, inani eliphakeme lala manani lithathwa njengesisekelo esikhokhiswa intela. Ngamanye amazwi, inani elibhekiselwe lisebenza njengephansi, kodwa alikho njengophahla, maqondana nentengo ekhokhiwe ngempela.
Imithethonqubo ye-cadastral ibeka ukuthi Inani elibhekiselayo alikwazi ukudlula inani lemaketheUkuze kuqinisekiswe lokhu, uMnyango Wezezimali ubeka isici sokunciphisa (FM) ehlisa imiphumela yezifundo zemakethe. Isibonelo, ngezakhiwo zasemadolobheni, kusungulwe isici esingu-0,9 kusukela ku-Order HFP/1104/2021, esisasebenza eminyakeni elandelayo, ukuze, ngokombono, inani lokubhekisela lingaphansi kwesilinganiso semakethe.
Kodwa-ke, empeleni kungenzeka ukuthi endaweni ethile, inani lereferensi elibalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-Land Registry livele libe yi- iphakeme kunentengo yangempela yemaketheYilapho-ke ukulinganiswa kwezindlu zemali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye, okuhambisana nezinye izindlela zobufakazi, kuba khona okubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalelo nani phambi koHlelo Lwentela.
Amacala lapho kungafanele kube khona inani lokubhekisela kuwo
Akuzona zonke izakhiwo ezinayo inani lereferensi ye-cadastralImithethonqubo ibeka izimo lapho leli nani linganqunywa nhlobo, noma lingasebenzi ngenxa yezici zempahla noma ukuntuleka kolwazi lwe-cadastral. Kubalulekile ukwazi lokhu, ngoba uma kungekho inani elibhekisela kulo, ingxoxo yentela izohluka futhi ukugxila kuzoshintshela enanini elimenyezelwe noma enanini eliqinisekiswe yiziphathimandla zentela.
Akukho ntengo yokubhekisela enqunywayo, phakathi kwezinye izimo, lapho impahla inayo izimboni, ihhovisi, ezohwebo, ezemidlalo, ezokuzijabulisa, ezokuzijabulisa kanye nokungenisa izihambi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukusetshenziswa komusa, amasiko, ezenkolo noma okuhlukileOkunye okungafakwanga yilawo macala lapho izakhiwo zisesimweni esibi noma lapho indawo ibhekwa njengengathuthukiswanga kahle ngezinhloso ze-cadastral.
Ngokufanayo, izakhiwo ezine intengo yokuthengisa ekhawulelwe ngokomthethoIsibonelo, izindlu ezithile ezixhaswe ngemali noma ezikhuthazwa umphakathi lapho intengo ephezulu ibekwa khona ngumthetho. Okunye okungafakwanga yizindawo ezihlalwa ngokungemthetho noma lezo ezithintwa ngqo [umthetho/udaba olufanele]. izinhlekelele zemvelo, kanye nalezo lapho ukuhambisana kwedatha ye-cadastral okunengqondo kuveza khona amaphutha avimbela ukubalwa kwenani lokubhekisela ngokwezibalo.
Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela zokukhipha intela isebenza, iziphathimandla zentela azikwazi ukuthembela enanini elibhekiselwe kulo ukuze zinqume isisekelo sentela futhi kumele zisebenzise ezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa inani. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-a ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye Kungase kube nesisindo esikhulu nakakhulu, njengoba kungomunye wemibiko embalwa yobuchwepheshe ethembekile etholakalayo ngenani lempahla.
Umthetho wamacala: ukulinganiswa kwentengo yendlu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elibhekiselwe kulo
Izinkantolo ziyachaza kancane kancane ukuthi yimaphi amandla ukuhlolwa kwe-mortgage lapho kuphonselwa inselelo inani lereferensi ye-cadastral, njengoba kuboniswe izitatimende ezibalulekileIsinqumo esifanele yileso seNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa yaseCastilla y León (eyindlunkulu eBurgos), inombolo 13/2026, yangomhlaka-2 kuNhlolanja, ehlaziya icala lapho inani elibhekiselwe khona lempahla lidlula kokubili intengo yokuthenga kanye nenani elitholwe ekuhlolweni kwesikweletu semali mboleko esinikezwe ngumkhokhi wentela.
Kuleso simo, kwakuyindlu esesifundazweni sase-Ávila okwathengiswa kuyo ngokusemthethweni ngentengo yama-euro angu-79.000. Umkhokhi wentela wazihlola yena ngokwakhe i-Transfer Tax and Stamp Duty (ITP kanye ne-AJD) esebenzisa isisekelo sentela njenge Inani eliyinkomba lama-euro angu-199.677,80Kodwa-ke, kamuva wacela ukulungiswa kokuzihlola kanye nokubuyiselwa kwenkokhelo, ethi inani langempela lemakethe lalingama-euro angu-113.691,06, inani elihambisana nokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko esetshenzisiwe.
Uhulumeni wesifunda ucele umbiko ovela ku-Territorial Management of the Cadastre, owathi iqinisekise inani lokubhekisela kabiliNgaleso sivikelo, iHhovisi Lentela lenqaba ukulungiswa. Umkhokhi wentela waphikisana ngokuthi inani langempela lemakethe yilelo elisungulwe ekuhlolweni kwemali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye, kuyilapho inani elibhekiselayo lidlula iqiniso lezomnotho lentengiselwano.
INkantolo iphawula ukuthi idatha ye-cadastral ijabulela ukucabangela iqinisoKodwa-ke, lokhu kungumbono ongaphikiswa, okusho ukuthi ungaphikiswa. Impikiswano yezomthetho igxile ekutheni inani elibhekiselwe lidlula inani lemakethe, noma ukuthi imithetho yeCadastre isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele yini lapho ibekwa kuleyo mpahla ethile.
Kungani umehluko olula wezinombolo unganele
Endabeni yeCastile neLeón, umkhokhi wentela akazange aphikise amaphutha athile ekubalweni kwenani elibhekiselwe kulo, kodwa wamane wagcizelela ukuthi Isisekelo esikhokhiswa intela kufanele sibe umphumela wokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yendlu.ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi ibonakalisa kangcono imakethe kunenani elibhekiselwe kulo. Wathumela umbiko wokuhlolwa kwesiqinisekiso semali mboleko yendlu njengobufakazi kuphela.
INkantolo iphetha ngokuthi ukwehluka nje kwezinombolo Umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kanye nenani elibhekiselayo, ngaphandle kwencazelo yobuchwepheshe eqinisekisa ukungafani, awanele ukufaka elinye esikhundleni selinye. Uma le nqubo yamukelwa, iNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa iyaxwayisa, isisekelo esikhokhiswa intela ekugcineni sizoba, empeleni, esokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko noma nini lapho siphansi, into engahambisani nenhloso yomthetho noma ukwakheka kohlelo lwenani elibhekiselayo.
Ukuze ukuhlolwa kube nenani eliyiqiniso lokuhlola uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elibhekisela kulo, umbiko kumele ube okugqugquzelwe kahle futhi okuqondene nomuntu ngamunyeKumelwe uchaze ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziswayo, yiziphi izakhiwo ezifanayo ezithathwa njengereferensi, ukuthi kungani zifana nendawo okukhulunywa ngayo, nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenziwayo ngomehluko endaweni, isimo, indawo, ubudala, imikhawulo yasemadolobheni, ukuhlala kwabantu, njll.
Esinqumweni esixoxwa ngaso, ukuhlolwa kwenani okuhlinzekwe ngezinhloso zendlu akuzange kuhlangabezane nalezi zimfuneko: izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa njengezifanayo azizange kufana ngokusobalaFuthi izimo ezaziqinisekisa ukulungiswa azizange zichazwe kabanzi. INkantolo iyaqonda ukuthi kunikezwa inani elihlukile, kodwa ngaphandle kokwembula ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha athile inani lokubhekisela elibalwe yi-Administration eliwaqukethe, ngakho-ke ukucabanga kwalo kokunemba akuguquki.
INkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa yaseCastile naseLeón yaphetha ngokuthi, ngobufakazi obethulwe, akwanele ukuguqula inani elibhekiselwe elisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sentela yokudluliswa kwempahla (i-ITP). Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlolwa kwendlu, ngokwako futhi ngaphandle kwencazelo eyanele yobuchwepheshe, akwanele ukwenza inani elibhekiselwe elisungulwe yi-Land Registry lingasebenzi.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwehlisa inani lokubhekisela ngempela
Umthetho wecala ngokwawo ucacisa ukuthi isimo siyashintsha lapho ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu sendlu kukhethwe ngokucophelela futhi kuvunyelwe ngokobuchwephesheEzimweni ezinjalo, zodwa noma zihlanganiswe neminye imibono yochwepheshe, kungafakazela ukuthi inani elibhekiselwe lingaphezu kwenani lemakethe futhi, ngakho-ke, kufanele lilungiswe liye phansi.
Lokhu kuboniswa, isibonelo, yisinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa yaseCanary Islands (iSanta Cruz de Tenerife Chamber) sangoJulayi 15, 2024, lapho ukuhlolwa kwentengo okulungiselelwe yinkampani efana ne-TINSA kwahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zemininingwane, ukunemba kwendlela, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nempahla ethile. Inkantolo ithola ukuthi umbiko wochwepheshe, ngokuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kanye nokulungiswa okucacile, ubonisa ngokwanele inani eliphansi lemakethe ku-reference, evumela umkhokhi wentela ukuthi aphambukise isisekelo sentela esibalwe yi-Administration.
Isihluthulelo ukuthi umbiko akufanele nje unikeze inani lezinombolo, kodwa kufanele unikeze impikiswano yobuchwepheshe eqinile: ukukhethwa okucatshangelwe kwezindawo ezifanayo, ukutadisha indawo ezungezile, isimo sangempela sendawo, imikhawulo yezomthetho, ukuhlala kwabantu, imikhawulo engaba khona yokuhlela amadolobha, njll. Yilokhu kanye ukwenziwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokucaca okwenza ukuhlolwa kwendlu kube yisikhali esisebenzayo sokuphonsela inselelo inani elibhekiselwe lapho seliphambukile eqinisweni lemakethe.
Ngendlela efanayo, iNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa Yomphakathi WaseValencian (isahlulelo sangoJuni 11, 2024, esibhalwe kabusha 655/2023) sigcizelela ukuthi Ukusebenzisa inani lereferensi akusho ukuthi kuhlolwe inani ngomqondo wendabuko, kodwa kunalokho ukusetshenziswa okulula kwesisekelo somthetho esingakhethi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sisekelo somthetho singaphikiswa ngezindlela zobufakazi ezinikezwa uhlelo lwezomthetho, okuhlanganisa imibiko yokuhlola kanye nemibono yochwepheshe ekhombisa ukulinganiswa ngokweqile kwempahla.
Ukufaneleka komthethosisekelo kwenani elibhekiselwe kanye nethuba lokuliphonsela inselelo
INkantolo Yomthethosisekelo, eSinqumweni sayo 13/2026 sikaFebhuwari 12, imemezele ukuthi Inani lereferensi ye-Cadastre Kusemthethweni njengesisekelo sentela se-ITP, i-AJD kanye ne-ISD. Kubheka ukuthi lolu hlelo, oluhlelwe ngedatha enkulu yemakethe futhi olulungiswe yisici sokunciphisa, lulinganisa ngokwanele amandla ezomnotho futhi aluphuli i-Magna Carta.
Kodwa-ke, isinqumo esifanayo senza kucace ukuthi Ukuhambisana nomthethosisekelo kwenani elibhekiselayo akusho ukuthi alinakwephulwaUkufaneleka kwayo kuncike eqinisweni lokuthi abakhokhi bentela balondoloza ithuba langempela neliphumelelayo lokuyiphikisa uma ingabonakali inani lemakethe lempahla ethile. Ngamanye amazwi: inani elibhekiselayo lisebenza njengomthetho ojwayelekile, kodwa lingakwazi futhi kufanele linikeze uma kuboniswa ukuthi, esimweni esithile, lidlula inani lemakethe.
Ukuze enze lokhu, umuntu onentshisekelo angasebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lobufakazi oluvumelekile emthethweniImibiko yokuhlolwa kwendlu yomuntu ngamunye, imibono yochwepheshe, izifundo ezithile zemakethe zendawo, izivumelwano zokuthenga ezifanayo, imibiko yokuhlela amadolobha, izithombe zesimo sangempela sendawo, njll. Kokubili ezinqubweni zokuphatha nezokwahlulela, umkhokhi wentela unelungelo lokwethula ubufakazi obunjalo ukuze abonise iphutha enanini lokubhekisela.
Isinqumo seNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo uqobo sigcizelela ukuthi, uma uhlelo luhlala ludinga ukwamukelwa kwenani elibhekiselwe kulo, noma ngabe liboniswe liphakeme kunenani lemakethe, [inkinga/inkinga] ingavela. inkinga yokungavumelani nomthethosisekelo ngenxa yokwephulwa kwesimiso samandla ezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ithuba lokuphikisa isinqumo libalulekile ukuze imodeli ihlale izinzile ngokomthetho.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yomuntu ngamunye
Ukuhlolwa kwezimali zendlu ngenhloso yendlu kumele kwenziwe yi- uchwepheshe onekhono ihlanganiswe nenkampani yokuhlola evunyiwe yiBhange laseSpain (isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana neTinsa, iTasvalor, noma ezinye izinhlangano ezibhalisiwe). Umthethonqubo we-ECO 805/2003 usungula izindlela zokuhlola, izinhlobo zezimpahla, kanye nezisekelo zokuhlola ezingasetshenziswa.
Umhloli uzovakashela indawo uqobo ukuze ahlaziye isethi yezinguquko: indawo ethile kanye nezinsizakalo endaweni (izitolo, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, izikhungo), uhlobo lwesakhiwo (somndeni owodwa, imindeni eminingi), indawo ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi (phansi, ukuqondiswa), indawo engasetshenziswa neyakhiwe, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, ukukhanya kanye nemibono, ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, isimo sokulondolozwa, izikhungo (ukushisa, umoya opholile, ilifti), izakhi zomphakathi, izitifiketi zokusimama, njll.
Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, uchwepheshe uhlonza indawo, athathe izilinganiso, athathe izithombe, futhi ahlole ukuvumelana phakathi kweqiniso elingokoqobo kanye nemibhalo ulwazi lokubhalisa kanye nolwazi lwe-cadastral. Iphinde ibukeze isimo sokuhlela amadolobha, ukuba khona kokuvikelwa komphakathi, izithiyo, ama-easement, ukuhlala noma yisiphi isigameko esingathinta inani laso noma ukufaneleka kwaso ukusebenza njengesibambiso semali mboleko yendlu.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi, umhloli usebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa eziqashelwayo (ukuqhathanisa, izibuyekezo zerenti, izindleko zokushintsha, njll., njengoba kufanele) bese ikhetha izindawo ezifanayo ezithengiswe muva nje ezindaweni ezifanayo noma ezifanayo. Ibe isilungisa lezi zindawo ezifanayo ngobukhulu, isimo, ubudala, indawo, noma izici ezihlukile kuze kube yilapho ifika enanini lemakethe lobuchwepheshe futhi, uma kusebenza, inani lemali mboleko yendlu elihlakaniphile.
Umbiko wokugcina ubuyekezwa futhi uqinisekiswe yinkampani yokuhlola uqobo, enikela ngezizindalwazi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi, kanye nolwazi oluqoqiwe. Umphumela uba yi- incwadi esemthethweni okuhlanganisa inani lokuhlola lemali mboleko yendlu, inani elilinganiselwe lemakethe kanye, ezimweni eziningi, inani elinconywayo lendali (inani eliphansi lokubanjwa kwempahla).
Kudingeka amadokhumenti ukuze kuhlolwe imali mboleko yendlu
Ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi kube ne- imibhalo eyisisekelo yempahla. Okuncane okudingekayo ngokuvamile yi-Land Registry Note kanye nereferensi ye-cadastral, yize kuye ngohlobo lwempahla, kungadingeka amadokhumenti engeziwe (amapulani, amatayitela, amalayisense, njll.).
La Inothi Elilula Luyidokhumenti ekhishwe yi-Land Registry equkethe incazelo yendawo (indawo, imingcele, uhlobo lwayo), indawo ekuyo, umnikazi obhalisiwe, usuku lokutholwa, kanye nanoma yiziphi izithiyo noma ama-lien akhona (imali mboleko, ama-lien, ama-easement, njll.). Iyadingeka ekuhlolweni futhi ayikwazi ukuba mdala kunezinyanga ezintathu.
Ezimweni eziningi, izinkampani zokuthengisa noma izinkampani zokuhlola zinikeza ukuphatha isicelo se-Nota Simple (Property Registry Extract) ngemali ethile. izindleko ezengeziwe Inqubo yenziwe lula kumthengi. Uma i-oda lihlanganisa izindawo eziningana, kuzodingeka i-Land Registry Extract ngayinye, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko kwenziwa ngabanye, hhayi ngokujwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhloli uzoqhathanisa imibhalo yokubhalisa nemibhalo ye-cadastral kanye neyokuhlela amadolobha, eqinisekisa ukufana phakathi kwencazelo yokubhalisa, ulwazi lwe-cadastral kanye neqiniso elingokoqoboIzophinde ihlole ukuthi impahla ingaphansi kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuvikelwa komphakathi noma imikhawulo yokuhlela amadolobha ethinta inani layo noma ukudluliswa kwayo.
Izinsuku zokugcina, ukusebenza kanye nokwamukelwa yibhange
Uma imibhalo edingekayo isitholakala futhi isabelomali sesivunyiwe, inkampani yokuhlola ihlela ukuvakashela indawo kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, uchwepheshe ulungisa umbiko bese ewuthumela ukuze ubuyekezwe. Isikhathi esivamile sokuguqula umbiko siyizinsuku ezimbalwa, kuye ngokuthi impahla iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani kanye nomsebenzi womhloli.
Kusukela ngesikhathi umbiko wokuhlola ulethwa ebhange, izinhlangano, okuhlanganisa ne- amabhange okongaNgokuvamile bathatha phakathi Izinsuku eziyi-10 nezingama-15 ukunquma ngokuvunyelwa kwesikweletu sendlu, uma nje yonke eminye imibhalo yezezimali yomfakisicelo isiqediwe. Lesi yisikhathi esichazayo, kodwa kusiza ukuhlanganisa amashejuli nokugwema ukubambezeleka kokusayina.
Ukufaneleka okusemthethweni kokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yendlu okuvunyiwe kungukuthi izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngosuku lokukhishwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iklayenti lingakwethula kunoma yiliphi ibhange, njengoba imithethonqubo yesikweletu sezindlu idinga ukuthi izinhlangano zamukele ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yizinkampani ezivunyiwe, uma nje kusebenza futhi kungabonakali amaphutha amakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ibhange lingakwenqaba ukuhlolwa uma iphelelwe yisikhathi, inemibandela noma iqukethe izixwayiso ezibhekwa njengezingahambisani nokuthengiselana kwendlu (isibonelo, ukungabaza ngesimo sokuhlukaniswa kwezindlu, ukungafani okukhulu ne-Land Registry, noma imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa efanele). Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungadingeka ukucaciswa, ukulungiswa, noma ngisho nokuhlolwa okusha.
Izimo kanye nezixwayiso embikweni wokuhlola
Embikweni wokuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yendlu, kuvamile ukuthola izimo nezixwayiso Lezi zimo zifanelekela inani eliqinisekisiwe. Lezi zimo ziyizidingo okumele zihlangatshezwe ukuze inani lokuhlola lisebenze ngokugcwele; isibonelo, ukulethwa kwemibhalo ethile noma ukulungiswa kokungafani kubhaliso lomhlaba.
I-Las izixwayiso ezijwayelekile Lokhu kukhathazeka kuhlobene nokungabaza ngemininingwane ethile esetshenziswe ekubalweni, njengokuntuleka kolwazi oluphelele lokuhlela amadolobha noma ukungakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezithile zesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile kubonisa izingozi ezingaba khona, kodwa akusho ukuthi inani alisebenzi, uma nje ibhange lizamukela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixwayiso ezithile Baxwayisa ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inani elihloliwe lingase lilahlekelwe esikhathini esizayo, isibonelo, endaweni enokunikezwa okuphezulu ngokweqile, ezindaweni eziwohlokayo, noma ezimpahleni ezingaphansi kwezinguquko zomthetho ezingabonakala. Lolu hlobo lwesixwayiso lubaluleke kakhulu esikhungweni sezezimali lapho kuhlolwa ubungozi bokuthengiselana.
Ngokombono weklayenti, kungcono ukubukeza lezi zici zombiko ngokuningiliziwe, njengoba zingathonya kokubili isinqumo sebhange kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kokuhlolwa kwezinye izinjongo, okuhlanganisa nokuqulwa kwecala lentela okungenzeka elihlobene nenani lemakethe lempahla.
Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni, inani lemakethe kanye nenani le-cadastral
Kunoma yikuphi ukulinganisa izindlu, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwendlu, inani lemakethe kanye nenani le-cadastralnjengoba zifeza izinjongo ezahlukene futhi, ngakho-ke, kuyinto evamile ukuthi ziveze izibalo ezahlukene.
El inani lemakethe Lena intengo umthengi nomthengisi abajwayelekile abangavumelana ngayo, ngaphandle kokuphuthuma okuthile kokuthenga noma ukuthengisa futhi ngaphandle kwentshisekelo ethile kule ndawo, cishe bangavumelana ngayo. Leli nani liyashintshashintsha ngokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo futhi lingashintsha ngokushesha kuye ngesimo sezomnotho, ukutholakala kwezimali, noma izitayela zemakethe.
El inani lemali mboleko yendluIsisekelo sokuhlolwa kwezinjongo zesibambiso sifuna inani elizinzile nelihlakaniphile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izikhungo zezimali ziyisebenzisela ukuzivikela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwemakethe, ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziqagelayo kuphela. Ukuze kunqunywe, kuhlaziywa uchungechunge lwamanani omlando, kwenziwa izibikezelo ezilondolozayo zezitayela zesikhathi esizayo, futhi kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa ukuqinisekisa umkhawulo wokuphepha.
El value cadastral Leli inani elinikezwe uhulumeni endaweni ngayinye futhi lisebenza njengereferensi eyinhloko yezintela ezifana nentela yempahla (i-IBI) noma intela yenzuzo yenhlokodolobha kamasipala. Libuyekezwa kaningi futhi, ngokomqondo, lilingana nenani lemakethe lapho kusetshenziswe khona isaphulelo esikhulu, ukuze isisekelo sentela singalokothi sidlule inani langempela lemakethe.
Kukhona nezinye izisekelo zenani, njenge inani lokudliwa noma intengo efanele (ezimweni zokuthathwa ngenkani, okulawulwa uMthetho Wezwe), inani lokuthengiswa (intengo ekuthengisweni okuphoqelelwe noma okusheshayo), inani elikhethekile (lomthengi othize onentshisekelo ethile, njengomakhelwane oseduze), noma inani lokutshalwa kwezimali (lomtshali-zimali ohlonzwe ngohlelo oluthile lwebhizinisi). Ngayinye inomqondo wayo futhi ngeke ihambisane njalo nenani lemakethe noma inani lemali mboleko yendlu.
Izindleko zokuhlolwa kanye nobudlelwano bazo nokuthengiswa
El izindleko zokuhlola ikhaya Lokhu kuyingxenye yezindleko ezijwayelekile ezihambisana nokuthenga nokuxhasa ngezimali indawo. Ngokuvamile isukela kuma-euro angaba ngu-300 kuya ku-600, kuye ngohlobo lwendawo, usayizi wayo, ubunzima bokuhlela amadolobha, kanye nendawo.
Uma sifaka ukuhlolwa kwezinye izindleko zokuthengiselana (ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, ukubhalisa, intela, izimali zokuphatha, njll.) kunengqondo ukucabangela ukuthi ukuthenga indlu ngesikweletu semali mboleko kuhilela phakathi 10% kanye no-15% owengeziwe entengo yokuthenga. Okungeziwe kulokhu yinkokhelo yokuqala noma umnikelo wokuqala, okuvame ukuba cishe u-20% wentengo, njengoba ababolekisi bevame ukuxhasa u-80% wenani eliphansi elihloliwe kanye nentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma inani lokuhlola liphansi Uma intengo icelwa yempahla, umthengi kuzodingeka anikele ngemali yakhe eyengeziwe, ngoba ibhange lizosebenzisa inani eliphansi kulawa amabili njengereferensi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukuhlolwa kuseduze noma kuphakeme kunentengo yokuthenga, inketho yokuxhasa ngezimali ingaba nkulu, njalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yengozi yebhange.
Empeleni, abathengi abaningi basebenzisa izilingisi zezindlu ukuze babikezele izimo (ukuhlolwa okungezansi, okulingana, noma okungaphezu kwentengo) bese bebona ukuthi zithinta kanjani isilinganiso semali mboleko nenani, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke, kanye nemiphumela yentela yalokhu kuthengiselana. Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kuba yi- ithuluzi lokuhlelahhayi nje imfuneko esemthethweni yebhange.
Inqubo yokucela ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko yendlu
Ukuhlolwa kwesikweletu semali mboleko kungaphathwa ngqo yibhange, kuthunyelwe umhloli wemali ayithandayo, noma umthengi angaziqasha yena. umhloli wezilinganiso ovunyelwe yiBhange laseSpain ngokwabo. UMthetho Wezikweletu Zemali Yokuboleka Izindlu uyaqaphela ilungelo leklayenti lokuzinikeza isilinganiso salo uma nje sihlangabezana nezimfuneko zomthetho.
Inqubo evamile iqala ngokugunyaza inkampani yokuhlola, ukuhambisa amadokhumenti ayisisekelo (ikhophi yokubhalisa impahla, ireferensi ye-cadastral kanye, uma kusebenza, amapulani, amalayisense noma amatayitela) kanye nokuxhumanisa ukuvakashela indawoUmhloli uvakashela ukuyolinganisa, ukuthatha izithombe, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nesimo sokulondolozwa, nokuhlola isimo sokuhlala.
Ngemva kokuvakasha, uchwepheshe ulungisa umbiko ngokulandela Izindlela ze-ECOIkhetha izakhiwo ezifanayo, yenza izibalo, bese ibeka inani lokuhlola. Uma sekuqinisekisiwe, lo mbiko ulethwa kuklayenti kanye/noma ebhange nge-elekthronikhi futhi, uma kusebenza, ngefomethi yephepha, njengoba kuvunyelwene.
Amanye amapulatifomu akhethekile anikeza amaphakheji ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okusemthethweni, I-Nota Simple, umbiko wezobuchwepheshe-wezomthetho kanye nesitifiketi se-cadastral senani lokubhekisela, ngenhloso yokusheshisa inqubo yesikweletu sendlu ngangokunokwenzeka nokwenza kube lula ngeklayenti ukuba nayo yonke imibhalo ebalulekile yendawo ephaketheni elilodwa.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwendlu yomuntu ngamunye kusebenza kanjani kanye nobudlelwano bayo nenani elibhekisela ku-Cadastre kuvumela umthengi, umkhokhi wentela, kanye nomeluleki ochwepheshe ukuthi babikezele izingozi, bavikele kangcono izintshisekelo zabo phambi kwebhange kanye noHulumeni, futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthengwa kanye nokuxhaswa kwempahla, besebenzisa amandla obufakazi bokuhlolwa okuhle uma kusetshenziswa ngokuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomthetho.
