Ukuphathwa kwezimali: umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuthola imali, ubungozi kanye namabhange

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Ukuhamba kwemali kuyisilinganiso sempilo yezezimali yebhizinisi, futhi ukuphathwa kwalo, uma kwenziwa kahle, kuwumehluko phakathi kokuhamba kahle nokubhekana nezinkinga zokuhamba kwemali. Empeleni, ukuphatha ukuhamba kwemali kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imali ikhona kanye nokuphatha imali yokusebenza , ukuxhumanisa izinkokhelo kanye nokuqoqwa kwemali, ukuxoxisana namabhange, kanye nokunciphisa izingozi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inzuzo.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa futhi uhlele, ngendlela ewusizo, konke okubalulekile mayelana nokuphathwa kwemali : kusukela eziyisisekelo nezinhloso kuya emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ukubikezela ukuhamba kwemali, ukulawulwa kobugebengu, izingxoxo zasebhange, kanye nokwenza kube yidijithali ngesofthiwe ekhethekile. Uzothola nezibonelo zamathuluzi nezixazululo zangempela , kanye nokuqeqeshwa kanye nezinsiza eziwusizo zokuhlola okwengeziwe.

Kuyini ukuphathwa kwezimali?

Uma sikhuluma ngokuphathwa kwemali (noma ukuphathwa kwemali) sibhekisela enkambisweni yokuhlela, ukuqapha nokulawula ukugeleza kwemali okungena nokuphuma enkampanini ukuze kube nemali etholakala njalo lapho idingeka khona futhi nini.

Empeleni, ihlanganisa imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko okufanele icace kakhulu ngoba ilawula impilo yezezimali yansuku zonke :

• Ukulandelela ukungena kwemali kanye nokuphuma kwayo, ngokubonakala okuqondile nokuhlanganisiwe.
• Izenzo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zisebenza kahle ezivumela ukukhokha amaholo, intela, abaphakeli kanye nezikweletu ngesikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhona nje ukuba nemali "uma kwenzeka." Imali eboshiwe ngokweqile ingaba nomthelela omubi enzuzweni , ngakho-ke umnyango wezezimali kumele futhi unqume ukuthi uzogcina malini, uzotshala kuphi imali eningi, nokuthi uzozivikela kanjani izingozi.

Izinhloso zokuphathwa kwezimali

Inhloso eyinhloko isobala kodwa iyadinga: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukushoda kwemali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esibucayi . Isethi yemigomo ehambisanayo ijikeleza kulo mgomo.

• Khulisa inzuzo yezimali zokusebenza, ukubeka imali eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokufaka imisebenzi engozini.
• Nciphisa izingozi (ukungabi namali, isikweletu, imakethe, amazinga enzalo kanye namazinga okushintshana) ngezinqubomgomo kanye nezivikelo.
• Nciphisa izindleko zezimali, ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kanye nokugwema izimali zokusebenzisa imali eningi noma ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ukufeza lokhu kulinganisela kudinga ukuxhumanisa izindawo, ukuvumelanisa izimali kanye nokubalwa kwezimali, intela kanye nokulawula ukuphathwa , kanye nokuba nolwazi oluthembekile olutholakala ngesikhathi.

Izisekelo ezibalulekile ze-treasury

Ukuphathwa kwemali

Kuyinhliziyo yokusebenza: ukulindela, ukubeka phambili, nokuhlela umjikelezo wokuqoqa kanye nokukhokha ukuze isondo lezezimali lihambe kahle. Kudinga ukubonakala kwansuku zonke kanye nenyanga, kanye nokubikezela okubheka amasonto nezinyanga ezizayo.

Ukuphathwa kwengozi

Ukushintshashintsha kwemali, izinguquko emazingeni enzalo, noma ingozi yokungakhokhi kahle kungashintsha isimo semali; ngakho-ke, ukuchaza imingcele, imikhawulo, kanye nezinqubomgomo zesikweletu kubaluleke njengokukhokha ngesikhathi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali

Uma kukhona imali eyengeziwe, kufanele unqume ukuthi uzoyitshala kuphi. Isihluthulelo ukuvumelanisa inzuzo, ukuguquguquka kwemali, kanye nengozi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe sezidingo zebhizinisi.

Lezi zinsika zisebenza kangcono uma kukhona ukuhlanganiswa neminye imisebenzi yenkampani: ukubalwa kwezimali, isabelomali, ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku kanye nokuhlela ezezimali kumele kukhulume ulimi olufanayo futhi kwabelane ngemininingwane efanayo.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko ekuphathweni kwezimali

Imisebenzi yezezimali iqukethe uchungechunge lwemithwalo yemfanelo ephindaphindwayo kodwa enamasu edinga indlela, ukuziphatha kahle, kanye nedatha enhle.

• Ukulawulwa kwezimali kwansuku zonke kanye nekusasaukuthola izimali zezibopho zesikhathi esifushane neside.
• Ukuphathwa kwe-akhawunti yasebhange kanye nobudlelwano nezinhlangano, kugxilwe ezimweni, izimali kanye nezilinganiso.
• Ukubika isimo, isimo, ukuhamba kwemali kanye nezilinganiso zokuphatha.
• Ukuphathwa kwengozi kanye nokuhlolwa: amazinga enzalo, amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali, izikweletu kanye nezingozi zokusebenza.
• Incazelo yamasu ezezimali kanye nezinhlelo zokutshala imali eziqhubekayo nezinenzuzo.
• Ubudlelwano nabatshalizimaliukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olucacile mayelana nokuntuleka kwemali kanye nokuqina kwezimali.

Uma udinga ukucwaninga ngokujulile, kuba usizo ukwandisa ukuhlaziywa kwezingozi zezezimali , kusukela ekulinganisweni kuya ezinqubweni zokunciphisa kanye nokuphatha.

Imikhuba emihle yansuku zonke

Ukubuyekezwa kwephothifoliyo kanye nokuvumelanisa nokubalwa kwezimali

Ngaphambi kokunquma, udinga ukuhlola. Kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa ama-invoyisi akhishwe natholiwe nephothifoliyo (amabhili, imali ethunyelwe, amarisidi) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho olulahlekile noma olungadingekile.

• Buyekeza umehluko phakathi ama-invoyisi kanye nephothifoliyo (okufanele kukhokhiswe/kukhokhwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okurekhodiwe).
• Isikwele iphothifoliyo enkulu yamakhasimende nabaphakeli, ukubona ukungafani nokukulungisa.

Lokhu kuhlola kugwema ukumangala, kunciphisa amaphutha, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesibikezelo sokugeleza kwemali ngokusebenza kudatha eqinile.

Ukubikezela ukuhamba kwemali ngendlela ewusizo

Ukubikezela kuhilela ukubikezela ukungena kwemali kanye nokuphuma kwayo esikhathini esithile (masonto onke, nyanga zonke, njalo ngekota) ngokusekelwe ezinsukwini zangempela zokuphelelwa yisikhathi, isikhathi sonyaka, kanye nezinhlelo zebhizinisi.

Ukuze ukwenze ngokucophelela, ungahlanganisa izindlela ezimbili ezihambisanayo ezisiza ekubambeni iqiniso ngezindlela ezahlukene :

• Imodeli "ephansi phezulu": yakha isibikezelo kusukela ekusebenzeni (ukuthengisa, ukuqoqwa, ukuthenga, izinkokhelo, iholo, intela), umugqa nomugqa.
• Imodeli esekelwe ezitatimendeni zezimali: isebenzisa ibhalansi kanye nesitatimende semali engenayo ukuze ibonise ukungena kwemali emhlabeni jikelele.

Kuzo zombili izimo, kuyalulekwa ukuhlaziya izilinganiso ezintathu zokugeleza kwemali ukuze ugweme ukukhohlwa ukunyakaza okufanele :

• Ukusebenza: ukuqoqwa kwebhizinisi kanye nomjikelezo wokukhokha.
• InvestmentI-CAPEX, ukuhlukaniswa kwemali kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali.
• Izimali: isikweletu, inzalo, izinzuzo kanye neminikelo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi isikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukisa sisehlangothini lokusebenza; ngakho-ke, ukugxila emjikelezweni wamakhasimende kanye nomhlinzeki kuvame ukuveza imiphumela esheshayo.

Ukuphathwa kokwephulwa komthetho kanye nezinhlinzeko

Ukuqonda isimo sokukhokha ngokuningiliziwe kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ugweme izinkinga zemali engenayo . Landelela ibhalansi edlulile isikhathi, imigomo yokukhokha, abenzi bokubi abaphindayo, kanye nezivumelwano ezithile.

• Yakha amalungiselelo ezikweleti ezimbi ekupheleni kwesikhathi, ukulungisa imiphumela nokugwema izimanga.
• Lindela izikhathi zokugcina ezibucayi okungase kudlule isikhathi esibekiwe futhi kubangele izikhumbuzo noma ukuxoxisana kabusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumelanisa inqubomgomo yesikweletu nokuthengisa (isb., imigomo kanye nezaphulelo ekuthengisweni ) ukuze ukukhula kungasho ukuthi kunengozi engalawuleki.

Ukulawulwa kokuqoqwa kanye nezinkokhelo

Ukuze ugcine imali igeleza, kufanele uqaphe eduze imali ebolekiwe yokuhweba engakakhokhwa (amakhasimende angakakhokhi) futhi uphathe izinhlobo zemali ethunyelwayo futhi ubeke phambili izenzo zokuqoqa ngokuhlakanipha.

Ngasohlangothini lokukhokha, kuyalulekwa ukuhlonipha izimo nokugcina ubudlelwano obuhle nabaphakeli; ukukhokha ngesikhathi nangokugcwele kuthuthukisa amandla okuxoxisana futhi kugwema izindleko zokukhokha sekwephuzile.

Izingxoxo zebhange kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemibandela

Uma uzoxhasa ngezimali imisebenzi, into yokuqala ukuza etafuleni nedatha. Ukuveza isithombe esiqinile nesisesikhathini sesikhundla sakho sezimali kanye nesizinda sebhange sokuthengiselana kwebhizinisi kukusiza ukuthi uthole amanani angcono kanye nemikhawulo.

Ukusayina akwanele. Buyekeza njalo izigaba, izimali, kanye namanani emigqa yakho yesikweletu kanye nezinqubomgomo ukuze uthole amaphutha, ukungafani, noma izinguquko zangaphakathi ezingashintsha iphrofayili yakho yengozi.

Izinga lokushintshisana kanye nezinga lenzalo

Ezindaweni ezisebenzisa imali eningi noma ezikweletini zamanani aguquguqukayo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izivikelo (ezihamba phambili, ezishintshanayo, ezinqunyiwe) eziqinisa ukugeleza kwemali futhi zigweme ukushaqeka okuvela ekunyakazeni kwemakethe.

Isihluthulelo ukuthi ukumbozwa kusabela esidingweni sangempela; akukhona mayelana nokuqagela, kodwa mayelana nokuvikela izinzuzo kanye nokubonakala kwezezimali.

Izabelomali zezezimali kanye nezinqumo zezimali

Isabelomali semali sihumusha uhlelo lwebhizinisi lube yimali etholakalayo: sisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini imali eyanele futhi sixhumanisa nezinhlobo zesabelomali ukubhekana nezindleko kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuzibophezele.

Uma igebe liphansi, kunezindlela ezimbili: ukwenza ngcono umjikelezo wokusebenza (ukuqoqa kusenesikhathi, ukukhokha isikhathi eside, ukunciphisa izindleko) noma ukufuna imali eyengeziwe yangaphandle ngemibandela yokuncintisana.

Kusukela ku-manual kuya ku-digital: ukuvela kanye nezinzuzo

Ukuphathwa kwezimali kuguquke kakhulu: kusukela ezinqubweni ezenziwa ngesandla kanye nezinqumo zokusabela kuya emsebenzini osekelwa yi-automation, idatha kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela.

• Isiteji sendabukoUkulawulwa kwemali okuyisisekelo kanye nezingozi, izinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla kanye nombono olinganiselwe.
• Ukwamukelwa kobuchwephesheNgezinhlelo zolwazi zeminyaka yama-80-90, ukucubungula kanye nokubonakala kokuhamba kwemali kwathuthuka.
• Isikhathi sedijithali kanye nokuzenzakalelaIsofthiwe ekhethekile ivumela ukuphathwa okunesu nokusebenzayo.
• I-Big Data kanye nokuhlaziywa kokubikezela: amamodeli Babikezela izitayela kanye nezingozi. ukuze anqume ngobufakazi obengeziwe.
• OkulandelayoI-AI, i-blockchain, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kube nokusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukuphepha, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukwenza idijithali akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isimanje, kumayelana nokuthola amandla okusebenza: ukwenza ukubuyisana kube ngokuzenzakalela, ukuhlanganisa amabhange, kanye nokuthola isikhundla kanye nemibiko ngesikhathi sangempela kushintsha indlela imali ephathwa ngayo.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezicacile kakhulu ukusebenza kahle (imisebenzi embalwa yesandla, amaphutha ambalwa), ukwenza izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha , ukubonakala okukhulu nokulawula, kanye nokwanda kokuphepha nokuthobela imithetho (izinqubo eziqinile ezihambisana ne-GDPR noma i-Sarbanes-Oxley).

Okunye okuhle ukuhlanganiswa kwendabuko ne-ERP, i-CRM kanye nokubalwa kwezimali: umthombo wedatha owodwa, ohambisanayo nowabiwe osiza ukubambisana kanye nokushesha phakathi kweminyango.

Amathuluzi: Isofthiwe ye-Excel vs. ekhethekile

Amaspredishithi: awusizo, kodwa anemikhawulo

I-Excel ibilokhu iyisikhali sezezimali se-Swiss Army futhi isasebenza, kodwa kwi-treasury inezinkinga zayo: idinga ukufakwa ngesandla, ivame ukwenza amaphutha, futhi ayihlangani kahle nezinye izinhlelo.

• Ukuzenzakalela okuncaneUkuqoqa idatha nokubala kudla isikhathi futhi akuvumelani nama-ERP noma amabhange.
• Ingozi yephutha lomuntu: amafomethi ayinkimbinkimbi, amafomula, nama-macro ayahluleka futhi kunzima ukuwahlola.
• Ukuhlaziywa okulinganiselwe: ayilungele izibikezelo ezithuthukisiwe noma izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ukuvikeleka okunganeleAmafayela abiwe angenazo izilawuli eziqinile aveza idatha ebalulekile.

Isofthiwe ye-Treasury: ukunemba kanye nesikhathi sangempela

Izixazululo ezithile zenza izinqubo ngokuzenzakalela, zandise ukuthembeka, futhi zinikeze ulwazi lwengcebo ngesikhathi sangempela ngezexwayiso, izimo, kanye nokulawula ubungozi.

• Ukugcina isikhathi emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo (ukufaka idatha, ukubuyisana, okufakiwe ephephabhukwini).
• Ukunemba okwengeziwe ngenxa yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokulandeleka kwezinguquko.
• Ukuhlanganiswa ngebhange, i-ERP, ukubalwa kwezimali, kanye namanye amathuluzi ebhizinisi.
• Ukusebenza okuthuthukile: izibikezelo, izimo, imikhawulo, izinqubomgomo kanye nokubika.
• Ukuphepha okuqinisiwe ekufinyeleleni, ekubhaleni nasekuhloleni.

Emkhakheni wezimali, izixazululo zokubalwa kwezimali eziku-inthanethi ezihlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwezimali ngqo zithandwa kakhulu ngama-SME . Isibonelo esisodwa yi-a3innuva Accounting: ipulatifomu enembile, yesikhathi sangempela, esekelwe efwini efinyeleleka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi , enezici ezifana namashadi emali engenayo yanyanga zonke kanye nezindleko, imibiko yezinsuku zokugcina ze-invoyisi, kanye nokulandelelwa kwedatha.

Uma ufuna umthombo wokubhekisela, kukhona i-monograph yesikhungo ehlanganisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu, izindlela zokubikezela (imodeli engezansi kuya phezulu kanye nendlela ye-balance sheet/isitatimende semali engenayo), kanye nezibonelo zesofthiwe. Ungayithola lapha: Landa i-monograph (PDF) , ewusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni ngokujulile ukugeleza kwemali, isikhundla semali, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimbangela eziyinhloko.

Ekugcineni, ubuchwepheshe busebenza ngendlela evuna inkampani: ukunemba okukhulu, ukuzenzekela okwengeziwe, kanye nekhono lokulingisa izimo ngomzamo omncane wokusebenza.

Izixazululo zengcebo ye-GS Management

Phakathi kweminikelo yemakethe, uhlelo lwe-ecosystem oluyimodeli luvelele, okuvumela ithuluzi ukuthi lilungiselelwe izidingo ezithile zenkampani ngayinye . I-GS Gestión ihlanganisa izixazululo zezezimali, ukubuyisana, kanye nokuxhumana kwamabhange, igxile ekusebenzeni kahle nasekulawuleni.

Ukubuyisana kwezezimali kanye nebhange

• I-GS Cash - Ukuphathwa kwezimali okupheleleIhlanganisa umjikelezo ophelele wokugeleza, izilinganiso, kanye nokuthengiselana ukuze kunikezwe umbono ocacile nowakamuva wesimo sezezimali.
• Idamu lasebhange elinezingozi ze-GS: kusiza ukumisa nokuhlaziya ichibi elihlukahlukene, ukuhlola izingozi nezimo ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
• Ukubalwa kwezimali ebhange ne-GS Conta: izenzakalela okufakiwe futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokubalwa kwezimali, ukukhulula isikhathi semisebenzi ebalulekile.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimali ne-GS ConciIlungisa ukubuyisana ngokuzenzakalelayo, inciphisa amaphutha, futhi kuqinisa ukulawula kanye nokuhlola yenqubo.
• Ibhalansi yebhange nenkampani ne-GS Banking: kuthuthukisa ubudlelwano nezinhlangano ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa, ukubikezela kanye nolwazi lokuxoxisana.
• Isabelomali sokugeleza kwemali ngesabelomali se-GS: ixhumanisa idatha yomlando kanye neyokusebenza ku ukubikezela okuthembekile kanye nezinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono.

Isethi ihlose ukuphathwa okuphephile nokunesu elingcono, lapho ukuzenzekela kanye nokulandelela kusekela ukuphathwa kwezezimali.

Ukuxhumana kwebhange

• Isixhumi esibonakalayo samabhange amaningi (GS Banco.net): ipulatifomu yezinhlangothi ezimbili ehlanganisa ukushintshana kwedatha namabhange, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yezandla namaphutha.
• Ukuzenzakalela kolwaziLanda izitatimende kanye nokuthengiselana kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa, nge isikhundla sangempela.
• Ukunyakaza kwansuku zonkeUkuvuselelwa okuzenzakalelayo nokuphephile kwenhlangano ngayinye kanye ne-akhawunti, ukonga isikhathi sokuphatha.
• Ukulawulwa Kwangaphakathi Kosuku (GS Kwangaphakathi Kosuku): ukunyakaza phakathi nosuku nquma ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Amadokhumenti asekelayo (Ibhokisi lokungenayo le-GS)Landa futhi ulondoloze amadokhumenti asebhange ngefomethi ye-PDF. kuxhunywe ezikhishweni ukuze kuboniswene ngokushesha.
• Ukuthunyelwa Ngomshini (Ukuthunyelwa kwe-GS)Ukudluliswa kwamafayela ezezimali okuphephile nokuguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda noma izingozi ezingadingekile.

Lawa mathuluzi athuthukisa umkhiqizo wokuphatha kanye nokuphepha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olubalulekile lufinyelela ngokushesha kwabenzi bezinqumo.

Ngale kwethuluzi: amacala okusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlaziya

Ngamapulatifomu esimanje kungenzeka ukuthi kusebenze izimo zokusetshenziswa ezinomthelela omkhulu : ukubikezela ukuhamba kwemali ngezimo, ukubalwa kwesikhundla kanye nokwenza ngcono, ukulandelela isabelomali, ukuhlaziywa kokuphambuka kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko.

Ubuhle bokuhlaziya okusetshenzisiwe busekushintsheni kusukela ekubukeni ezibukweni ezingemuva kuya ekubhekeni izidingo nezingozi kusengaphambili , kanye nokulungisa uhlelo ngezinsuku zokukhululeka, hhayi ngokubambelela odongeni.

Ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe

Ukuphathwa kwezimali kudinga amakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nokwahlulela okunengqondo. Isifundo esikhethekile esiqondiswe emabhizinisini singasheshisa umzila wokufunda ngamathuluzi asebenza emisebenzini yansuku zonke.

Okuqukethwe ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukwenza ngcono ukuqoqwa kanye nezinkokhelo ezihambisana nokusebenza, ukulawula izimo zasebhange, kanye nokwenza imali eyengeziwe enenzuzo (okuthiwa "iziqongo").

Indlela ewusizo ihlose ukusiza abahlanganyeli ukuba bazethembe ekwenzeni izinqumo ezishintshayo ezindaweni , bethembele kudatha, izinqubo, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela.

Kwezinye izinhlelo, ukuqeda ngempumelelo kukunikeza ilungelo lokuthola iDigri Ethile Yeyunivesithi (i-UDIMA) ; sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukukhipha le degree kuvame ukuhilela izindleko ezengeziwe ezivela eyunivesithi.

Esimweni sanamuhla, i-treasury ingaphezu nje kokukhokha nokuqoqa: iyinjini esekela ukugcinwa kwemali, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi. Ngemikhuba emihle (iphothifoliyo elinganiselayo, izibikezelo ezingokoqobo, kanye nokungalaleli okuqashwe kahle), izingxoxo zasebhange ezilungiselelwe kahle , kanye noshintsho oluqondile kumathuluzi edijithali, izinkampani zithola ukubonakala, zigwema ukumangala, futhi zisebenzise kangcono izinsiza zazo. Futhi uma ukugeleza kwemali kunempilo, kulula ukuxhasa ukukhula nokulala kahle.