- Uhlelo lwamanje lokuxhasa amakhono angalingani luveza ukungalingani okukhulu kanye nokuntuleka kokucaca ekwabiweni kwezimali.
- ICatalonia umphakathi ozuzwe kakhulu, kanti izifunda ezifana neCastile neLeón zithola inani elincane kakhulu ngomuntu ngamunye ohlala khona.
- Uhulumeni uphakamisa ukuthi kushintshwe ukudluliselwa okuqondile ngokudluliselwa okwengeziwe okungafika ku-90% we-VAT eqoqwe endaweni.
- Lolu shintsho luhlose ukwandisa ukuzimela kwezezimali zaseCatalan, okuvumela i-Catalan Tax Agency (ATC) ukuthi iphathe intela ngendlela eqhubekayo njengentela yengeniso yomuntu siqu (i-IRPF).
Uma sikhuluma ngendlela imali esatshalaliswa ngayo phakathi kwemiphakathi ezimele, sivame ukucabanga ngokusabalalisa okuvamile, kodwa kukhona uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, oluphikisanayo: ukuxhaswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo ethile . Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi yizinsizakalo zomphakathi ezingezona zonke izifunda eziziphethe; ezinye kuphela ezizithathele umthwalo wemfanelo. Lokhu kudala isimo lapho kungezona zonke izindawo ezinenkundla yokudlala elinganayo noma ezithola izinsiza ezifanayo.
Le ndaba isanda kuvela phambili ngoba uhlelo lwamanje lubhekene nokungahambisani okukhulu kanye nokuntuleka kokucaca , okudala umuzwa wokungalingani phakathi kwezakhamuzi kuye ngokuthi zihlala kuphi. Ngenkathi eminye imiphakathi ezimele ithola imali eningi yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo ezithile, eminye ayitholi lutho, okuholela eziphakamisweni zezinguquko ezijulile zokushintsha indlela uhulumeni ophakathi asabalalisa ngayo imali.
Yini ngempela ehlanganisa amakhono angalingani?
Kalula nje, amandla angafani yilawo misebenzi ebalulekile edluliselwe emphakathini othile ozimele kodwa engazange ithathwe ezinye izifunda ngaphansi kombuso ovamile. Asikhulumi ngezempilo noma imfundo eyisisekelo, kodwa izindawo ezithile kakhulu eziyingxenye yokusabalalisa amandla okuphatha eSpain.
- Ukuphepha kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi: Isibonelo esicacile yiMossos d'Esquadra eCatalonia, iphoyisa lendawo eliza ngezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu.
- Ukuphathwa kwejele: ICatalonia kuphela enikezwe igunya lokuphatha amajele ngaphakathi kombuso ovamile.
- Ubulungiswa: Kubhekisela ezintweni ezibonakalayo kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabantu zokuphatha kwezomthetho, okuthi, nakuba kwakusakazeke kabanzi, akuzange kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngezindleko ezifanayo.
- Izinqubomgomo zolimi: Imali eyabelwe ukwenziwa kwezilimi ezisemthethweni kanye nokukhuthazwa kwazo.
- Imvelo yemvelo: Ukulondolozwa kwamapaki kazwelonke, ukuphathwa kwawo okungajwayelekile futhi kunezindleko zezimali ezihlukene kakhulu kuye ngendawo.
Ukuhlaziywa kweFedea: imephu yokungalingani
I-Foundation for Applied Economic Studies (Fedea) ishaye esikhonkosini ngokuhlaziya idatha ka-2023. Ngokwezibalo zayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi kulezi zindawo kucishe kube yi- 8.319 billion euros , kodwa ukusatshalaliswa, okungenani, kuyamangaza. I-Catalonia ihola phambili ohlwini ngesilinganiso esikhulu, ithola cishe ama-euro angu-450 ngomuntu ngamunye, kanti eCastile naseLeón inani lehla laya kuma- euro ayisishiyagalolunye ngomuntu ngamunye.
Inkinga isekusetshenzisweni kwendlela esekelwe ezindlekweni zomlando . Lokhu kusho ukuthi insizakalo ilinganiswa ngokwezindleko zayo zangaphambilini, okuholela ekutheni izifunda ezimbili ezinikeza izinsizakalo ezifanayo zithole amanani ahlukene kakhulu. Isibonelo, ekuphathweni kobulungiswa, i-Asturias ithole ama-€81,8 ngomuntu ngamunye ohlala khona, kanti iGalicia ithole ama-€35,5 kuphela, igebe okunzima ukulichaza ngokobuchwepheshe.
Enye inkinga ebalulekile ukuxhaswa kwabafundisi bezenkolo, lapho ukungafani kukhulu kakhulu, kudlula amaphuzu ayi-150 ohlwini. I-Asturias iphinde ivelele ngo-€88,7 ngomfundi ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa no- €20 omangalisayo otholwa yiCatalonia ngenhloso efanayo.
Isiphakamiso esisha sikaHulumeni kanye nesici saseCatalonia
Ngenxa yalesi simo, uMnyango Wezezimali uphakamise ushintsho oluhlukana nohlelo lwendabuko. Kuze kube manje, uHulumeni uthumele ukudluliselwa okuqondile konyaka okulungisiwe ngokwemali engenayo yentela. Manje, kuphakanyiswa indlela yokuzithandela evumela abakhokhi bentela ukushintshanisa lelo sheke lonyaka ukuze bathole isabelo esikhulu semali engenayo ye-VAT.
Le modeli entsha izovumela imiphakathi ezimele ukuthi ixhase izici zayo ezihlukile ngokudluliselwa okwengeziwe kwemali engenayo ye-VAT , okungenzeka ifinyelele ku-90%. Lokhu kumelela ushintsho oluphelele lwendlela, njengoba isusa imali kwisabelomali sikahulumeni ojwayelekile iye ekuqoqweni kwentela yezifunda, okusondeza iCatalonia eduze nobukhosi bayo bezimali obukade bufunwa.
Isivumelwano samazwe amabili phakathi kukaHulumeni waseSpain noHulumeni waseCatalan sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka ngokwezimali kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe . Lokhu kusho ukuthi iCatalonia izoba namandla amakhulu okulawula ekuphathweni kwentela, okuvumela i- Catalan Tax Agency ukuthi ithathe kancane kancane umthwalo wentela yengeniso yomuntu siqu kanye nezinye izintela, isebenza ngokubambisana ne-State Tax Agency.
Izingxabano zendawo nezinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe
Njengoba bekulindelekile, lo mklamo awuzange wamukelwe kahle kulo lonke elaseSpain. Imiphakathi eyishumi nane kweyishumi nanhlanu ezizimele ngaphansi kombuso ovamile iveze ukwenqaba kwayo okusobala , yesaba ukuthi kuzodala ilungelo elikhulu eCatalonia. Impikiswano igxile ekutheni ngabe le ndlela kufanele ibe yesikhashana noma, njengoba uhlaka lwamanje lubonisa, kufanele igcinwe unomphela isikhathi somodeli.
Indlela yokuthi lokhu kube ngumthetho ihilela iKomidi Lokuhlola Lobuchwepheshe Elihlala Njalo kanye noMkhandlu Wezinqubomgomo Zezimali Nezezimali. Njengoba uHulumeni edinga kuphela ivoti lokuqinisekisa lomphakathi owodwa ozimele ukuze avume lesi siphakamiso eMkhandlwini, indlela ibonakala icacile, yize izodinga ukwesekwa kwabalingani bobumbano abanjengoJunts ePhalamende laseSpain ukuze kuqinisekiswe okokugcina.
Isimo samanje sibonisa ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwesidingo sokubhekana nezici zesifunda ngasinye kanye nesidingo sohlelo olucacile nolulinganayo kubo bonke izakhamuzi, okuvimbela ukuphathwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi ekuthembeleni ezivumelwaneni zezombusazwe ezimbili ezifihla ukungalingani kwangempela kwezezimali.
