- Ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kulinganisa umehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko minyaka yonke, kuyilapho isikweletu somphakathi sibonisa konke uHulumeni akukweletayo ngesikhathi esithile.
- Zombili lezi zinkulu zichazwa njengephesenti le-GDP, kodwa isikweletu siyi-variable ye-flow yonyaka kanti isikweletu siyi-variable yesitokwe enezela i-deficit futhi isuse okungaphezulu kwangaphambilini.
- Ukuntuleka kwemali okuphezulu nokuqhubekayo kuphoqa ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngezikweletu zomphakathi ezengeziwe, kwandisa izinkokhelo zenzalo futhi kunciphisa imali engasetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.
- Imithetho yaseYurophu ibeka imikhawulo yokubhekisela (ukuntuleka okungu-3% kanye nesikweletu esingu-60% ku-GDP) ukuqinisekisa izimali zomphakathi eziqhubekayo emazweni angamalungu.
Uma kuxoxwa ngezomnotho ezindabeni, kuvamile kakhulu ukuzwa amagama anjenge -public deficit kanye ne-public debt esetshenziswa ngokushintshana, cishe njengokungathi ayafana. Kodwa-ke, nakuba ehlobene kakhulu, abhekisela ezintweni ezahlukene, futhi kubalulekile ukuwaqonda ngokucacile ukuze uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ngezimali zomphakathi kanye nama-akhawunti kahulumeni.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwemali yonyaka kanye nezikweletu eziqongelelekile kusisiza ukuthi sichaze kangcono izihloko eziphathelene nokunciphisa isabelomali, ukwenyuka kwentela, imithethonqubo ye-European Union, noma izingxoxo mayelana nokuthi ngabe sithwesa izizukulwane ezizayo izikweletu yini. Sizokuhlukanisa konke lokhu ngokuthula, sisebenzisa izibonelo ezilula futhi sithembele kudatha kanye nemithethonqubo esetshenziswa izinhlangano ezisemthethweni.
Iyini i-deficit yomphakathi futhi ibalwa kanjani?
Ukuntuleka komphakathi umehluko omubi phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko zokuphathwa komphakathi esikhathini esithile, ngokuvamile ngonyaka . Ngamanye amazwi, kwenzeka lapho wonke amazinga kahulumeni (ohulumeni abaphakathi, ohulumeni bezifunda, omasipala, ezokuphepha komphakathi, njll.) echitha imali eningi kunaleyo ayidlayo phakathi nalowo nyaka wezimali.
Uma, phakathi naleso sikhathi, imali engenayo idlula izindleko , isimo siyaguqulwa futhi sibizwa ngokuthi imali eyengeziwe yomphakathi . Zombili lezi zimo zibhekisela kubukhulu obufanayo—umehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo nezindleko—ukuntuleka kwemali kuphela okubonisa umphumela omubi kanye nemali eyengeziwe, enhle.
Ama-akhawunti omphakathi ahlelwe ngokwezabelomali zonyaka ezifaka phakathi imali engenayo ebikezelwe kanye nezindleko ezigunyaziwe . ESpain, isibonelo esihle kakhulu yiSabelomali Sikazwelonke Esijwayelekile , esifaka kokubili izinto ezisetshenziswayo (ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo, impesheni, imigwaqo, amaholo abasebenzi bomphakathi, njll.) kanye nemithombo yemali engenayo (intela yemali engenayo, i-VAT, iminikelo yezokuphepha komphakathi, intela kubantu abazisebenzayo kanye namabhizinisi, izimali, njll.).
Ngokombono wezomnotho, ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kuyinguquko yokugeleza kwemali : ilinganisa okwenzekayo esikhathini esithile (isibonelo, unyaka wesabelomali). Ayibonisi isikweletu esiqongelelwe, kodwa kunalokho ibhalansi yaleso sikhathi esithile phakathi kwalokho okungenayo nalokho okuphumayo esikhwameni sikahulumeni.
Ukuze kuqhathaniswe amazwe futhi kuhlaziywe ukusimama kwezimali zomphakathi, ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi cishe njalo kuvezwa njengephesenti loMkhiqizo Wezwe Ophelele (i-GDP) . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubona isisindo sokungalingani uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bomnotho walelo zwe.
Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi
Indlela eyisisekelo yokubala isikweletu ilula kakhulu: Imali engenayo - Izindleko . Uma umphumela ungemuhle, sikhuluma ngesikweletu; uma ungemuhle, isikweletu esengeziwe. Ukusuka lapho, leso sibalo sihlobene ne-GDP ukuthola iphesenti.
Cabanga nje izwe line- GDP engu-€100.000 ngonyaka . Phakathi nalowo nyaka, uhulumeni uthola u-€40.000 bese esebenzisa u-€50.000. Ibhalansi yile:
- 40.000 - 50.000 = -10.000 euros
Leyo mali engu-10.000 euros engemihle imelela ukuntuleka komphakathi okulingana no -10% we-GDP (10.000 kwangu-100.000). Lena yindlela izinhlangano zezibalo ezivame ukwethula ngayo lesi sibalo: njengephesenti elivumela ukuqhathanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi naphakathi kwamazwe ahlukene.
Esinye isibonelo: ake sithi i-GDP ifinyelela kuma-euro ayi-100.000, uhulumeni usebenzisa ama-euro ayi-10.000 bese ethola ama-euro ayi-8.000. Umphumela uba yi-deficit yama-euro ayi-2.000 . Uma kuchazwa ngokwe-GDP, lokhu kungasho ukuthi i-deficit yalowo nyaka ingu- 2% we-GDP , ngoba ama-2.000 angu-2% we-100.000.
Le ndlela efanayo isetshenziswa ekushodeni kukahulumeni ophakathi kanye nasekushodeni kohulumeni bezifunda, ezokuphepha komphakathi, kanye nomasipala. Uhulumeni ngamunye ubala ibhalansi yawo yonyaka, futhi yonke le miphumela ihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kutholakale isamba semali yomphakathi ezweni.
Ukuntuleka kukaHulumeni, imiphakathi ezimele kanye nezinhlangano zasendaweni
Uma sikhuluma ngesamba semali engenayo yomphakathi, sibhekisela esamba semali engenayo (noma eyengeziwe) yazo zonke iziphathimandla ezakha umkhakha womphakathi: uhulumeni ophakathi, ohulumeni bezifunda, iziphathimandla zendawo, kanye ne-Social Security. Lesi sibalo esihlanganisiwe yisona esisetshenziswa njengesilinganiso ku-European Union kanye nasekuhlaziyweni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinga ngalinye likahulumeni linemithombo yalo yemali engenayo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokusebenzisa imali. Isibonelo, umphakathi ozimele ungaba nemali eyengeziwe ngonyaka othile, kuyilapho uhulumeni ophakathi enesikweletu; isamba sazo zonke izilinganiso sinquma isimo sezimali zomphakathi.
Kukhona into engavamile kakhulu endabeni yaseSpain: izinhlaka zasendaweni (omasipala, amakhansela ezifundazwe, njll.) zingaphansi komthetho othize. Isigaba 135.2 soMthethosisekelo sinquma ukuthi lezi ziphathimandla kumele zigcine isabelomali esilinganiselayo ; okungukuthi, azikwazi ukuthola isikweletu ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile.
Lowo mkhawulo wamiswa ngo -2020 nango-2021 ngenxa yomthelela ongavamile wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, besebenzisa ukuguquguquka okunikezwe ku-Athikili 135 uqobo. Ngemuva kwalokho, iziphathimandla zendawo zibuyele ohlakeni olujwayelekile lokulinganisela, olukhawulela ngokwesakhiwo ikhono lazo lokusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwemali engenayo yazo.
Empeleni, isamba semali engenayo yomphakathi sibalwa ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yesabelomali sawo wonke amazinga kahulumeni nokulungisa idatha kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile (isibonelo, amazinga okubalwa kwezimali aseYurophu). Lokhu kuveza inani elisemthethweni elishicilelwe yizikhungo ezifana noMnyango Wezezimali, iBhange laseSpain, kanye ne-Eurostat.
Izinhlobo zokuntuleka komphakathi: okuyinhloko, okujikelezayo, kanye nokwakheka
Kuye ngolwazi olufunwayo, umqondo wokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi ungachazwa ngezindlela eziningana . Ngayinye yalezi zinguquko isiza ukuqonda kangcono umsuka wokungalingani phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko.
Isikweletu esiyinhloko sichazwa njengesikweletu lapho izinkokhelo zenzalo zesikweletu zingafakwanga ekubalweni kwezindleko . Ngamanye amazwi, silinganisa ibhalansi phakathi kwemali engenayo kahulumeni yamanje kanye nezindleko, ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuxhasa isikweletu esiqongelelwe. Lesi siguquli sisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuthi uhulumeni uzokwazi yini ukulinganisela ama-akhawunti akhe ngaphandle kokucabangela umthwalo wezezimali ozuzwe njengefa.
Ukuntuleka kwemali okuhambisana nomjikelezo kuhlotshaniswa nesigaba somjikelezo wezomnotho . Ezikhathini zokwehla komnotho noma zenhlekelele, imali engenayo iyehla (ngoba imisebenzi yezomnotho, ukuqashwa, kanye nenzuzo yezinkampani kuyehla) kanti ezinye izindleko ezizenzakalelayo ziyanda (izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, usizo lomphakathi). Lo mehluko udala ukuntuleka kwemali okubhekwa "njengokuguquguqukayo," okungukuthi, okubangelwa ukwehla komjikelezo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntuleka kwesakhiwo kubonisa ukungalingani okuzoqhubeka noma ngabe umnotho ubusesimweni "esijwayelekile" sokuqashwa okugcwele noma ukukhula kwethrendi . Lo mqondo usetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezithile, uhlelo lwezezimali nolokusebenzisa imali lwezwe alulingani unomphela futhi lubalulekile ezingxoxweni ezifana nokulingana kukaRicardian.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuvame ukulungisa ukuntuleka komphakathi ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yomjikelezo wezomnotho noma izehlakalo ezingavamile (njengobhubhane noma ukushaqeka kwamandla) ngaleyo ndlela kugxile engxenyeni ehlala njalo yenkinga, okuyikho okunquma ukusimama esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
Ukuvela kwamuva nje kokuntuleka komphakathi eSpain
Imininingwane evela kuMnyango Wezezimali kanye neBhange laseSpain ikhombisa ukuthi ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi waseSpain kushintshe kanjani eminyakeni embalwa edlule , ngokushintshashintsha okukhulu ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.
Ngemva kwenkinga yezezimali yango-2008, isikweletu sanda kakhulu: ngo- 2009 sadlula u-11% we-GDP , okuyisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseYurophu esingu-3%. Lesi simo sabonisa kokubili ukwehla okukhulu kwemali engenayo yomphakathi kanye nokwanda kwemali esetshenziswayo emphakathini kanye nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza.
Ngo -2012 , kwaqoshwa elinye izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, lapho isikweletu sidlula u-11% we-GDP, ngesikhathi senkinga yezikweletu ezizimele endaweni ye-euro. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukulungiswa kwesabelomali kanye nokululama komnotho kwavumela ukungalingani ukuthi kuncishiswe kancane kancane , kufinyelele cishe ku-3% eminyakeni eyaholela obhubhaneni.
Ngo -2019 , isibonelo, ukuntuleka komphakathi eSpain kwakungama- 2,8-3,1% we-GDP , ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yezibalo. Nakuba kwahlala kungaphezu komgomo waseYurophu, lo mkhuba wawusobala ukuthi wehle kakhulu.
Ukufika kwe- COVID-19 ngo-2020 kwashintsha kakhulu isimo: ukuntuleka kwemali kwaphinde kwanda kwaya cishe ku- 10-10,1% we-GDP . Inhlanganisela yemali engenayo ehlayo, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezempilo, usizo kumabhizinisi nakubasebenzi, kanye nezinyathelo ezingavamile kuchaza lo mthelela obalulekile.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, isikweletu silungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu . Ngo-2021, sehle saya cishe ku-6,7% we-GDP, kwathi ngo-2022 saqhubeka nokwehla, sahlala cishe ku- 4,7% we-GDP . Izibikezelo ezisemthethweni ezivela kuMnyango Wezomnotho zibonisa ukuthi, eminyakeni ezayo, inhloso ukuletha lesi sibalo eduze no- 3% , umkhawulo wokubhekisela obekwe yi-European Union.
Imithetho yaseYurophu mayelana nokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi
I-European Union isebenzisa ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi njengenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukuthi izimali zezwe ziqinile futhi zizinzile yini . Ngaphakathi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-convergence criteria yobulungu kwi-monetary union, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi amazwe angamalungu kumele agcine:
- Un ukuntuleka komphakathi kwaminyaka yonke okungadluli ku-3% we-GDP.
- Una isikweletu somphakathi esingaphansi kwama-60% we-GDP.
Empeleni, amazwe ambalwa ase-eurozone ahlangabezana nezimo zombili ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwenkinga yezezimali kanye nobhubhane. Noma kunjalo, lezi zindinganiso zihlala ziyisilinganiso seSivumelwano Sokuzinza Nokukhula.
Uma iLungu Eliyilungu lidlula umkhawulo wokuntuleka kwemali ongu-3%, iKhomishini kanye noMkhandlu bangasebenzisa iNqubo Yokuswela Imali Eningi (i-EDP) . Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesibopho sokuletha izinhlelo zokulungisa, futhi ingaholela ezijezisweni zezimali uma izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zingathathwa.
Izijeziso ezihleliwe zifaka inhlawulo engu- 0,2% we-GDP , lapho kungafakwa khona ingxenye eguquguqukayo kuye ngokuthi izwe liqhubekela phambili kangakanani ekufinyeleleni umgomo, kanye nenani elingaphezulu elingu- 0,5% we-GDP . Lezi zijeziso zinganqwabelana njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uma izwe lingalungisi isimo salo, yize empeleni zingakaze zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, i-European Union yamisa okwesikhashana le mithetho yezimali ukuze ivumele amazwe angamalungu ukuthi andise ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngaphandle kwengcindezi esheshayo ye-EDP. Ngemuva kwalokho, amazwe angamalungu avumile ukuvuselela uhlaka lokuqondisa kwezezimali, ngezingxoxo eziqhubekayo mayelana nezinguquko ezingaba khona zokwenza imithetho iguquguquke futhi ivumelane nezimo , okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa ubukhali bezinhlawulo (isibonelo, kusukela ku-0,2% we-GDP kuya ku-0,05% kwezinye izimo).
Siyini isikweletu somphakathi futhi sihlobene kanjani nokuntuleka kwemali?
Isikweletu somphakathi , esibizwa nangokuthi isikweletu sombuso, yisibopho sezimali esiphelele esiphethwe umkhakha womphakathi nomkhakha ozimele kanye nabanye ababolekisi . Sihlanganisa izikweletu zikahulumeni ophakathi, ohulumeni besifunda, iziphathimandla zendawo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha komphakathi kubantu ngabanye, ezinkampanini, emabhange, ezimalini zokutshalwa kwezimali, noma kwamanye amazwe.
Empeleni, lesi sikweletu sithatha isimo sezibambiso zezimali ezikhishwa yi-Treasury noma ezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi: Ama-Treasury Bills, ama-Government Bonds nama-Notes , amanothi esithembiso, njll. Ngayinye yalezi zincwadi inosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nesilinganiso senzalo esikhokhwa kubatshalizimali ababoleke imali yabo emkhakheni womphakathi.
Isihluthulelo ukuthi isikweletu somphakathi siyi- stock variable ; okungukuthi, simele inani eliphelele lemali eqoqwe uHulumeni alikweletayo ngesikhathi esithile . Unyaka ngamunye, isikweletu noma insalela ephumayo iyengezwa noma isuswe kulesi sikweletu esikhona, ngakho-ke zombili lezi zibalo zihlobene kakhulu.
Uma izwe libhalisa isikweletu somphakathi ngonyaka wezimali othize, kuzodingeka lizikhokhele ukuze lisikhokhele, ngokuvamile ngokukhipha isikweletu esisha . Lokhu kubolekwa okusha kwandisa inani eliphelele lesikweletu esisasele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uhulumeni ethola isikweletu esisasele ngonyaka, angasebenzisa ingxenye yaleyo sikweletu ukukhokha isikweletu nokunciphisa ibhalansi esisasele.
Njengokushoda, isikweletu somphakathi sivame ukuvezwa njengephesenti le-GDP , okusivumela ukuthi silinganise isisindo saso ngobukhulu bomnotho. Isibonelo, eSpain ngaphambi kobhubhane, isikweletu somphakathi sasicishe sibe ngu -95,5% we-GDP , ngaphezu komkhawulo waseYurophu ongu-60% kodwa siphansi kunakwamanye amazwe anamazinga angaphezu kuka-100% we-GDP.
Izikweletu zomphakathi kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwezikweletu
Uma uhulumeni esebenzisa imali engaphezu kwalokho akudingayo, kufanele athole indlela yokuxhasa lokho kushoda . Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zombono zokumboza ukuntuleka komphakathi, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokungalungi kwayo.
Inketho yokuqala ukukhulisa intela noma ukudala intela entsha . Lokhu kwandisa imali engenayo futhi kunciphisa igebe phakathi kwemali engenayo nezindleko. Le ndlela iyingxenye yenqubomgomo yezezimali futhi ingumthwalo kahulumeni kanye nephalamende. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukungathandwa futhi ingaba nemiphumela emibi ekusetshenzisweni, ekutshalweni kwezimali, noma emisebenzini uma isetshenziswa ngokweqile.
Ithuba lesibili ukuthi ibhange eliphakathi likhiphe imali . Emazweni athuthukile, lo mkhuba uyagwenywa njengendlela eqondile yokuxhasa isikweletu ngoba udala ukukhuphuka kwamanani kanye nokwehla kwenani lemali , okuhlanekezela ukusebenza okuvamile komnotho futhi ikakhulukazi kujezise abasindisi kanye nalabo abanemali engenayo engaguquki. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo ziwela ngaphansi kwesambulela senqubomgomo yezimali yokwandisa.
Indlela yesithathu nevame kakhulu ukukhishwa kwesikweletu somphakathi . I-Treasury ibeka amabhondi, amabhili e-treasury, kanye nezinye izinto ezinokuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene ezimakethe zezimali, ngaleyo ndlela ithole izimali ezidingekayo zokumboza isikweletu. Abatshalizimali (amabhange, izikhwama, abantu ngabanye, kanye namanye amazwe) bathenga lezi zibambiso belindele ukuthola izinkokhelo zenzalo ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokukhokhwa kwe-principal lapho kuvuthwa.
Isibonelo, uma i-Treasury ikhipha ama-€1.000 billion kumabhondi eminyaka eyi-10 , abathengi banikeza uhulumeni leyo mali namuhla, futhi ngokubuyisela, bazothola amakhuphoni ngezikhathi ezithile iminyaka eyishumi, ngaphezu kokukhokha isikweletu lapho sesivuthiwe. Isamba esisele sazo zonke izinkinga ezingakhokhelwa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isikweletu somphakathi, esivame ukuvezwa njengephesenti le-GDP.
Le ndlela inemiphumela emnothweni wonke. Lapho isikweletu somphakathi siphezulu kakhulu futhi umbuso udinga ukuxhaswa njalo, kungenzeka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wokuminyana : umkhakha womphakathi uncintisana nezinkampani ezizimele ukuze uthole imali etholakalayo, futhi lezi zinkampani ziphoqeleka ukuthi zinikeze amazinga enzalo aphezulu ukuze zihehe ukuxhaswa ngezimali, okwenza umsebenzi wazo ubize kakhulu futhi kunganciphisa ukuncintisana.
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kanye nesikweletu somphakathi
Nakuba la magama evame ukuxutshwa ezingxoxweni, kubalulekile ukucaca ngomehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kanye nesikweletu somphakathi , ngoba ngalinye linikeza ulwazi oluhlukile ngesimo somnotho wezwe.
Okokuqala, i-deficit yomphakathi iyi- flow variable : ilinganisa ibhalansi phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko esikhathini esithile (ngokuvamile unyaka owodwa). Isikweletu somphakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, siyi- stock variable : ikhombisa inani eliphelele elikweletwayo ngesikhathi esithile, ngemva kokuhlanganisa konke ukuntuleka kanye nokususa okungaphezulu eminyakeni edlule.
Okwesibili, ukushoda kubonisa ukungalingani kwaminyaka yonke kwezezimali zomphakathi, kuyilapho isikweletu sibonisa izinga eliphelele lezikweletu . Izwe lingaba nokushoda okulinganiselwe ngonyaka othile futhi liqhubeke nokuba nesikweletu esikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuqongelela kwangaphambilini. Ngokufanayo, izwe lingaba nesikweletu esincane kodwa libhalise ukushoda okuphezulu kanye ngenxa yesimo esingavamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikweletu somphakathi asithinteki nje kuphela ngenxa yokushoda konyaka, kodwa futhi nangenxa yezinye izici, njengezinkokhelo zenzalo , izinhlawulo zaseYurophu ezingaba khona ezihlobene neNqubo Yokuswela Okudlulele, ukuhlukahluka kwesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwemali (ezikweletini ezikhishwe ngemali yangaphandle) noma izinqumo zokukhokha imali kusenesikhathi.
Ngokombono wokuzinza, ukuntuleka kwemali okuphezulu nokuqhubekayo kuvame ukwandisa isikweletu somphakathi kuze kufike emazingeni angaphakamisa ukukhathazeka ezimakethe zezimali. Uma abatshalizimali bebona ingozi, bazofuna amazinga enzalo aphezulu , okuzokhulisa izindleko zokuboleka zikahulumeni futhi kungabangela ukujiya okuyinkimbinkimbi: inzalo eyengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okwengeziwe, ukuntuleka kwemali okwengeziwe, kanye, nesikweletu esiningi.
Kungani ukunciphisa ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kubalulekile
Ukulawula ukuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi akuyona nje indaba yokuthobela umthetho waseBrussels; kuhlobene ngqo nekhono lesikhathi esizayo lezwe lokuxhasa ngezimali izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu , ukusekela isimo salo senhlalakahle , kanye nokuphendula ezinkingeni ezingalindelekile.
Uma izwe liba nesikweletu esibi iminyaka eminingi , isikweletu salo somphakathi sikhula kakhulu, ngoba unyaka ngamunye ngebhalansi engemihle cishe njalo kuphumela ekukhishweni kwezikweletu ezintsha zebhondi kanye nezemali. Lesi sikweletu esiqongelelekile sisho ukukhokha inzalo minyaka yonke, okuba yinto esetshenziswayo engaguquki okunzima ukuyinciphisa.
Uma izinkokhelo zenzalo ziphezulu kakhulu, ingxenye ekhulayo yesabelomali ibekelwa ukukhokha izikweletu ezedlule esikhundleni sokutshala imali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, emfundweni, engqalasizinda, noma ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha. Lokhu kwandiswa yimikhawulo ebekwe yimithetho yaseYurophu kanye nokucindezela kwemakethe ukuthi uhulumeni ethule izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa izimali ezithembekile.
Ezimweni zezikweletu eziphakeme kakhulu, amazwe anendawo encane yokusingatha izinkinga ezikhona ngenxa yesimo esisha esinezinyathelo zokwandisa, ngoba abatshalizimali bangase bangabaze ikhono labo lokukhokha lokho abakukweletayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izazi zomnotho eziningi zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukuntuleka kwemali kanye nokuzinzisa izikweletu ngezikhathi zokukhula , okudala "ama-buffers" abavumela ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo lapho ukwehla komnotho okulandelayo kuhlasela.
Ekugcineni, ubudlelwano phakathi kokuntuleka kwemali kanye nesikweletu somphakathi buba yisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokukwazi kukahulumeni ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nekhono lakhe lokuhlangabezana nezibopho zakhe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa njalo izinguquko ezinkulu noma ukwenyuka kwentela okungazelelwe okuthinta izakhamuzi zonke.
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokho okungekho minyaka yonke (ukuntuleka) nakho konke okukweletwayo kakade (isikweletu), ukuthi ubukhulu ngabunye bubalwa kanjani , lokho okudingwa yimithetho yaseYurophu, kanye nemiphumela yezikweletu eziphezulu, kusiza ukufunda izihloko eziphathelene nezimali zomphakathi ngombono ohlukile nokuhlola kangcono izingxoxo mayelana nokuthi ubani okhokha namuhla nokuthi ubani ozothwala umthwalo wezinqumo zamanje zomnotho kusasa.
