- Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo zemakethe, kusukela ekuncintisaneni okuphelele kuya kuma-monopoli kanye nama-oligopoli.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimakethe ngokomkhiqizo, indawo, uhlobo lomthengi kanye nohlobo lwezezimali.
- Ukuhlola izimakethe zemali, izimali zangaphandle kanye nezimali ezitholakala kwamanye amazwe njengezinto eziqhuba umnotho womhlaba.
- Ucwaningo lokuxhumana phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo kanye nomthelela wako emananini kanye nasemsebenzini.
Wake wema wacabanga ngalokho okuqhuba ibhizinisi nokuthi kungani ezinye izinkampani zikwazi ukubusa kuyilapho ezinye zinyamalala? Impendulo emfushane iwukuthi konke kuncike kulokho izinhlobo zemaketheNgokuyisisekelo, lezi yizigaba ezisivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi izinkampani zincintisana kanjani ngamakhasimende, ukuthi zisebenzisana kanjani, nokuthi zihlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zalabo abathengayo.
Kuyo yonke le migqa, sizohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi izimakethe ziyini, kusukela emiqondweni eyisisekelo kuya kweyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Sizobona ukuthi zithonya kanjani amasu ebhizinisi Futhi yeka umthelela wangempela abanawo ezimalini zethu njengabathengi. Uma ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi umnotho wamanje usebenza kanjani nokuthi izinkampani zijwayela kanjani lesi simo esishintsha ngokushesha, ufike endaweni efanele ngalesi sihloko.
Isisekelo sakho konke: Isakhiwo semakethe
Ngaphambi kokufunda ngezigaba, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukwakheka kwezindlela zokuthengiselana ezisekelwe kuzo. Imakethe akuyona nje indawo, kodwa yindawo inethiwekhi yokushintshanisa ukuhweba ehlukaniswe kakhulu ngamabhulokhi amabili amakhulu: eyokuqala neyesibili.
Ku imakethe eyinhloko Yilapho umlingo wokuzalwa uvela khona. Yilapho inkampani iqala khona umkhiqizo noma isevisi okokuqala, iyenze itholakale kumthengi wokugcina. Yisigaba esifanele kakhulu sokuba imikhiqizo... sungula izixhumanisi eziqondile namakhasimende abo futhi baqonde ukuthi bafunani ngempela. Isibonelo esicacile kungaba ukuvulwa kwesitolo esisha sezingubo esimema abantu ukuthi bazame izingubo zaso noma ukwethulwa kwegajethi yobuchwepheshe eshintshashintshayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yesibili Kuyisimo esihlukile lapho kugxilwe khona ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezinkampani. Lapha, izinkampani zisebenza njengabakhiqizi kanye nabathengi, zithenga futhi zithengisa izimpahla ukuze zigcine imisebenzi yazo isebenza kahle. Cabanga ngendawo yokudlela ithenga imifino emisha kumlimi wendawo noma inkampani eqasha insizakalo yezokuthutha yangaphandle; empeleni, lokho kuyimakethe yesibili esebenza ukusekela umnotho emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwemincintiswano
Izinga lokuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani lichaza ngokuphelele isu okumele zililandele. Ukuba yedwa othengisa umkhiqizo akufani nokuba phakathi kwabancintisana nabo. Yilapho amamodeli emakethe engena khona:
- Ukuncintisana Okuhle Noma Okuphelele: Kuyiphupho lawo wonke umthengi. Kunezinkampani eziningi ezithengisa imikhiqizo efanayo (efanayo), azikho izithiyo zokungena noma zokuphuma, futhi akekho onamandla okunquma intengo. Amanani alungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngomthetho wokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo, okwandisa inhlalakahle iyonke. Isibonelo esiseduze kakhulu izimakethe zabalimi bendawo.
- Ukuncintisana Okungafanele: Lapha ibhalansi ayilingani. Ezinye izinkampani zine izinzuzo zokuncintisanaKungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngamalungelo obunikazi, ukulawulwa kwezinsizakusebenza, noma imithethonqubo, lokhu kuphazamisa ubulungisa futhi kuvumela abadlali abaphethe ukuthi babeke izimo ezinzima.
- I-Monopoly: Lesi yisimo lapho inkampani eyodwa inokulawula okuphelele kokunikezwa. Njengoba ingenakho ukuncintisana okuqondile, umuntu olawulayo angakwazi lawula amanani bese unquma ukuthi umkhiqizo ongakanani ofika emakethe, okuvame ukuholela emananini aphezulu kanye nezinketho ezimbalwa kumsebenzisi.
- I-Oligopoly: Kulesi simo, iqembu elincane lezinkampani lilawula indawo. Nakuba bencintisana, bavame ukugwema izimpi zamanani ezinamandla ukuze balondoloze ukuzinza komkhakha, okungaholela ekutheni ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungalingani kwezomnotho.
- Ukuncintisana Okukodwa: Kunabathengisi abaningi lapha, kodwa ngamunye uyazama hlukanisa umkhiqizo wakho (ngophawu, ikhwalithi noma ukumaketha), okwenza ikhasimende lizimisele ukukhokha okwengeziwe ngalowo mehluko obonakalayo.
Izimakethe ngomkhiqizo nendawo yezwe
Uma sibheka okuthengiswayo, ububanzi bukhulu kakhulu. Sinayo imakethe yezezimalilapho kuthengiswa khona izimpahla, izimali mboleko kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali; leyo izimpahla zabathengi...nazo zonke izinto eziphathekayo esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke (kusukela kuselula kuya ku-t-shirt); imakethe yezinsizakalookuhlanganisa izinto ezingabonakali njengemfundo noma impilo; kanye imakethe yezobuchwepheshe, igxile kusofthiwe kanye nehadiwe echaza inkathi yethu.
Ngokombono wendawo, ukufinyelela kuchaza isiko lezokuthutha kanye nokuthengisa. imakethe yendawo Kunqunyelwe endaweni noma edolobheni, kuncike kakhulu ekusondelaneni nasekuthembaneni komuntu siqu. imakethe yesifunda Lokhu kudlulela esifundazweni noma esifundazweni. Uma siwela imingcele, singena imakethe yamazwe omhlabalapho kufanele ubhekane nemithetho ehlukene kanye nentela yentela. Okokugcina, imakethe yomhlaba wonke Kuwukuxhumana okuphelele, lapho izinkampani zisebenza khona emhlabeni wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaphansi kwemingcele engakanani.
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezimakethe zezimali kanye nezimali
Uma sikhuluma ngemali, amasheya, namabhondi, singena ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi lezimakethe zezimali. Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukonga kwesiteshi ekutshalweni kwezimaliukuxhumanisa labo abanemali nalabo abadinga uxhaso ukuze bakhule.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza, kunezigaba eziningana ezivelele:
- Imakethe Yamasheya: Yi-stock exchange edumile, lapho kuthengiswa khona amasheya (izingxenye zenkampani). Ukuze uhwebe ngempumelelo, kuyasiza ukwazi Amahora okushintshaniswa kwamasheya aseSpain kanye nezimakethe zomhlabaIhlukaniswe ngezimakethe ezithuthukile, ezisafufusa, kanye nezimakethe zasemingceleni.
- Imakethe Yesikweletu Noma Yezikweletu: Yilapho kuthengiswa khona imali mboleko namabhondi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izifundazwe nezinkampani zithole izimali zesikhathi eside.
- Imakethe Yezokushintshaniswa Kwezimali Zakwamanye Amazwe (Forex): Uketshezi olukhulu noluningi kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho izinhlamvu zemali zishintshwa khona amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
- Imakethe Yezinto Ezisuselwe Kuyo: Indawo yobuchwepheshe lapho kuxoxiswana khona ngezinkontileka ngokusekelwe enanini lenye impahla, njengokuthi ikusasa, izinketho kanye nokushintshana, evame ukusetshenziswa ukumboza izingozi.
- Imakethe Yemali: Igxila ezintweni zesikhashana kakhulu, eziwuketshezi kakhulu, futhi ibhekwa njenge- indawo ephephile ukuze uthole imali. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, ungabheka ukuthi iyini imakethe yemali nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ukuze bahlaziye lezi zimakethe, abatshalizimali basebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, lapho okulandelayo kuvelele khona abahlaziyi bemakethe yezezimali ababheka impilo yangempela yenkampani kanye nomnotho, kanye ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, okusekelwe kumaphethini entengo namashadi okubikezela ukunyakaza kwesikhathi esifushane.
Izinhlobo zezimakethe ngokuya ngohlobo lomthengi
Akuwona wonke amakhasimende athenga ngezizathu ezifanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa ngomthengi kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema imizamo yokumaketha engaboni.
El imakethe yabathengi Ihloselwe abantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni efuna ukwanelisa izidingo zomuntu siqu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imakethe yezimboni Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inkampani ithenga imishini noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze ikhiqize eminye imikhiqizo. Bese siba imakethe yomthengisi, enziwe ngamabhizinisi athenga ukuthengisa ngentengo ephezulu, kanye imakethe yezikhungolapho izinhlangano zikahulumeni noma ezingenzi nzuzo zithenga khona ngobuningi ngamathenda omphakathi kanye nemincintiswano.
Kukhona futhi izindlela ezisekelwe ekwandiseni: imakethe yamanje (amakhasimende esinawo kakade), engase imakethe (inani eliphezulu lamakhasimende afinyelelekayo) kanye imakethe yezitayela, okuphawula umzila wokukhula okulindelekile.
Ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo lonke kulawulwa yi- umthetho wokuhlinzeka nokufunwaUma abantu abaningi befuna okuthile futhi kungekho okuningi kukho, intengo iyakhuphuka. Lokhu kulinganisela akuthinti nje kuphela imikhiqizo kodwa futhi... imakethe yezabasebenzilapho ukuhlinzekwa kwabasebenzi kanye nesidingo sabasebenzi kunquma amaholo kanye namazinga okungasebenzi. Izinkinga zomnotho zivame ukushaya ukusetshenziswa kuqala, okubangela ukudilizwa emsebenzini okube sekuthinta amandla okusebenzisa imali kwabantu, okudala umjikelezo ohulumeni abazama ukuwunciphisa ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene. izinqubomgomo zezimali kanye nezemali ezandayo.
Ukuqonda lezi zindlela, kusukela emehluko phakathi kokuncintisana okuphelele kanye nokuncintisana okuphelele kuya ekusebenzeni kwezindawo zokushintshanisa amasheya kanye nomthelela wendawo, kuvumela noma yimuphi umdlali wezomnotho. bona amathuba futhi uphathe izingozi ngendlela ephumelelayo endaweni yomhlaba wonke neguquguqukayo.
