- Imboni yasemkhathini kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele inani lamaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-1,8 ngo-2035, okubangelwa ukwehla kwezindleko zokuqalisa kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okuzimele.
- Uchungechunge lwenani luhlukaniswe phakathi kwe-upstream (ingqalasizinda), i-midstream (opharetha) kanye ne-downstream (izinsizakalo nezicelo emhlabeni).
- Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutshala imali kusukela kumasheya ngamanye kanye nama-ETF akhethekile kuya ezimalini eziphethwe ngenkuthalo ezigxile kwezokuvikela kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Cishe uke wezwa ngokuthanda isibhakabhaka muva nje, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Lokho okwakubonakala sengathi yisizinda se-NASA noma i-USSR yangaphambili manje sekuyindawo yokulwa yezezimali lapho izinkampani ezizimele ziqala khona. Asisakhulumi nje ngokutshala amafulegi enyangeni, kodwa mayelana nohlelo lwezomnotho oluphilayo oluguqula indlela esixhumana futhi siqonda ngayo iplanethi yethu.
Uma ucabanga ngokutshala imali kulo mkhakha, into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi akuyona nje into edlulayo noma indaba yokuheha imali. Sibhekene nomkhakha ovuthiwe futhi ohlukahlukene ohlanganisa konke kusukela ekukhiqizeni ama-microchip aqinile kakhulu kuya ekuphatheni inani elikhulu ledatha kusetshenziswa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Isihluthulelo lapha akukhona nje ukuphishekela into enkulu elandelayo, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi inzuzo yangempela ikhiqizwa kuphi ngaphakathi kweketanga lenani eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Usayizi wephayi: Ingakanani ngempela indawo ebizayo?
Ukuze sibeke izinto ngendlela efanele, lezi zibalo zimangalisa kakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, inani lomkhakha lifinyelele ku-$613.000 billion ngo-2024. Kodwa okubangela abaphathi bezimali ukuba balinde ebusuku yisimo esibikezelwa isikhathi eside: umnotho wendawo ulinganiselwa ukuthi uzofinyelela ku- $1,8 trillion ngo-2035 , ukhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esicishe sibe ngu-10%, okucishe kube kabili kunesilinganiso sokukhula kwe-GDP yomhlaba wonke.
Into exakayo kakhulu ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kukhula ngeke ivele ekuqalisweni ngokwako, kodwa ezinsizeni ezinikwe amandla ubuchwepheshe basemkhathini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-72% wemakethe yesikhathi esizayo izoba yingxenye yezigaba ezintsha ezifana nokuphepha kwe-cyberspace, i-broadband yesathelayithi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-in-orbit , okushiya umnotho wefa osekelwe kuthelevishini yesathelayithi yendabuko.
Uchungechunge lwenani: Kusukela ekuthatheni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina
Ukuze ugweme ukundiza ungaboni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ibhizinisi lihlukaniswe amazinga amathathu. Okokuqala, sine -upstream , okuyingqalasizinda ngokuyinhloko: amarokhethi aqala izinto, ukukhiqizwa kwesathelayithi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqhuba. Yilapho i-SpaceX ibusa khona, ilawula ingxenye enkulu yokwethulwa komhlaba wonke.
Okulandelayo, siqhubekela phambili ku- midstream , lapho amasathelayithi asevele e-orbit esebenza khona, kungaba ku-low Earth orbit (LEO) noma ku-geostationary orbit. Ekugcineni, sifika ku- downstream , lapho kwenzeka khona umlingo eMhlabeni. Sikhuluma ngokuxhumana komhlaba wonke, ukuzulazula kwe-GPS, kanye nokubuka uMhlaba, okusivumela ukuthi senze konke kusukela ekubikezeleni imililo yamahlathi kuya ekwenzeni ngcono ezolimo ezinembile.
Isici esiphazamisayo kube yinguquko yesathelayithi ye-LEO . Ngokuzungeza eduze kakhulu, ukubambezeleka kwehle kakhulu futhi izindleko zokuqalisa zehle kakhulu, okwenza izinsizakalo ezazibiza kakhulu manje zibe nenzuzo emakethe enkulu.
Abadlali ababalulekile nokuthi ungagxilisa kanjani ukunaka kwakho
Uma sikhuluma ngezinkampani, i-SpaceX iyinkanyezi, kodwa njengoba iningi layo liphethwe ngasese, ukufinyelela kwabatshalizimali kulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinketho eziqinile kakhulu ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. I-Rocket Lab izibeke njengenye indlela engcono kakhulu e-US, inikeza izinsizakalo zokuqalisa nezokukhiqiza eziphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Planet Labs ihola phambili ekubukeni koMhlaba, inikeza idatha ebalulekile kohulumeni namabhizinisi.
Uma sibheka eYurophu, isithombe sihlukile kodwa siyathakazelisa kakhulu. Lapha sinohlelo oluyimfihlo kodwa olunesu. Izinkampani ezifana ne -Avio e-Italy noma iziqhwaga ezifana ne -Airbus ne-Thales zakha ubukhosi besikhala baseYurophu obuvame ukunganakwa yimakethe. Ngenkathi ezinye izinkampani zaseMelika zihweba ngamanani amaningi anamandla, eYurophu ungathola amanani anengqondo kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthengisa kwazo okulinganiselwe.
Futhi asinakukhohlwa indima yezokuvikela. Ukuhlelwa kabusha komhlaba wonke kanye nokudalwa kwe-US Space Force kuye kwanyusa isabelomali somkhakha womphakathi . Izinkampani ezifana nePalantir kanye neKratos Defense zizuza ngokuqondile ezinkontilekeni zikahulumeni eziyizigidi eziningi zokuqapha nokuvikela izimpahla ezizungeza iplanethi.
Amathuluzi ezezimali okungena kulo mkhakha
Uma ungafuni ukuhlushwa ukukhetha amasheya ngamanye, kunezimoto eziklanyelwe ngqo le njongo. Ama-ETF anezihloko , njenge-VanEck Space Innovators ETF, akuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ubungozi ngokukubeka ebhasikidini lezinkampani ezintsha ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-UCITS yabatshalizimali baseYurophu.
Kulabo abakhetha indlela esebenzayo kakhulu, kunezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezifana ne -Echiquier Space , ezikhetha ngokucophelela amasheya angaba ngu-30 ngokusekelwe ezinkolelweni zabaphathi. Lezi zimali ngokuvamile zigxila kubuchwepheshe obumsulwa, ama-semiconductor amelana nemisebe, kanye nezinkontileka ezinkulu zokuvikela, ezizivumelanisa nemijikelezo yezepolitiki neyesabelomali.
Izingozi ongeke uzishaye indiva
Akuzona zonke izinto ezinhle endaweni yonke. Ingozi yokuqala enkulu ukuguquguquka kwenani lezimpahla ; ezinye izinkampani zihweba ngokusekelwe ezithembisweni zokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo ezingakabonakali zibe yinzuzo yangempela. Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo semakethe kungajezisa kakhulu amasheya abiza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncike kakhulu ezinkontilekeni zomphakathi . Uma uhulumeni enquma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali yokuhlola noma yezokuvikela, eziningi zalezi zinkampani zizobona imali engenayo yehla. Okungeziwe kulokhu inkinga yezinsalela zasemkhathini , okungenza umjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba ungahlalwa muntu uma kungamiswanga imithetho eqinile yokuhlanza nokuvuselela.
Okokugcina, i-geopolitics idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuncintisana neShayina kunezela ungqimba lokungaqiniseki mayelana nomzila wesidingo kanye nokuphepha kwamaketanga okuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibalulekile, njengezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, lapho i-Asia igcina khona cishe ubukhosi obuphelele.
Umnotho wasemkhathini awusekho njengephupho futhi usuyimpahla yangempela enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela ekumisweni kwe-asteroid kanye nokuvakasha okungaphansi kwe-orbital kuya engqalasizinda engabonakali enika amandla omakhalekhukhwini bethu, inani lisatshalaliswa ochungechungeni oluhlukahlukene kakhulu. Isu eliphumelelayo akusikho ukuthenga isikhala ngokungaboni, kodwa ukukhetha ngobuhlakani ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yalolu hlelo olunikeza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sengozi-ukubuya kwesikhathi eside.