- Isikweletu somhlaba wonke sesifinyelele emananini aqopha umlando, sidlula amaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-100 futhi sithinta kakhulu iminotho esafufusa.
- Amazwe asathuthuka abhekene nezindleko zezimali ezingalingani ezivimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.
- Kudingeka ushintsho oluphuthumayo lwesakhiwo sezimali samazwe ngamazwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuswela izikweletu ngokweqile.
Uma sikhuluma ngesikweletu somphakathi , empeleni sibhekisela emalini enkulu umbuso oyikweletayo, kungaba izakhamuzi zawo noma izinhlangano zakwamanye amazwe kanye namazwe. Muva nje, lesi simo siye sanda kakhulu, saba yikhanda elikhulu kwezomnotho ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nogibe oluyingozi kwezomnotho ezincane.
Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, singabheka isikweletu somphakathi njengesamba esiphelele sezibopho zezimali zikahulumeni. Ngokuvamile silinganiswa ngamanani aphelele noma njengephesenti loMkhiqizo Wezwe Ophelele (i-GDP) , okusitshela ukuthi izwe lingachitha malini ukukhokha ama-akhawunti alo. Ukuze kutholakale lezi zimali, i-Treasury ikhipha amathuluzi ahlukahlukene emakethe, njengezibopho , ama-treasury bills, kanye nama-note , athengwa ngamabhange noma abakhiphi bezibambiso abazimele .
Umehluko obalulekile kanye nesimo samanje sezikweletu
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi isikweletu somphakathi nesikweletu sangaphandle . Nakuba esokuqala singumthwalo wemfanelo oqondile wombuso, isikweletu sangaphandle sihlanganisa zonke izibopho ezenziwa yimikhakha yomphakathi kanye neyangasese kubabolekisi bamazwe ngamazwe. Njengamanje, sisesimweni esibucayi: isikweletu somhlaba wonke sifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu lama- $102 trillion ngo-2024 , sidlula ama- $97 trillion onyaka odlule.
Uma sihlaziya idatha ngokubona, kuvamile ukubona ukuthi isikweletu sesizwe sisonke sihlobene nobukhulu bomnotho waso, kuyilapho isikweletu somuntu ngamunye —lokho isakhamuzi ngasinye okufanele sikukhokhe—sibonisa ubunzima besimo. Lapho lesi sibalo somuntu ngamunye siphezulu, umthwalo wezezimali uba nzima kakhulu kubantu.
Ubunzima bamazwe asathuthuka
Nakuba ukuboleka kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokukhulisa ukukhula nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, kungabuya uma izindleko zingasalawuleki. Ngeshwa, umthwalo omkhulu uwela emazweni asathuthuka , izikweletu zawo ezikhule ngokuphindwe kabili kunezezizwe ezithuthukile kusukela ngo-2010, zifinyelela ku-$31 trillion.
Isimo sibi ngempela ezigidini zabantu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-3.400 bahlala emazweni lapho kuchithwa khona imali eningi ekukhokheni inzalo kunasezinsizeni eziyisisekelo njengokunakekelwa kwempilo noma imfundo. Ngo-2024 kuphela, la mazwe akhokha inzalo engu-$921.000 billion, okuwukwenyuka ngo-10% kunonyaka odlule.
Lokhu kucindezela kwezezimali kuyacindezela. Ohulumeni abaningi baphoqeleka ukuthi babele imali engaphezu kuka-10% yemali yabo yomphakathi ezinkokhelweni zenzalo kuphela, okushiya imali ingenalutho kunoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2020, amazinga enzalo kula mazwe abe phezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kane kunalawo ase-United States, okudala igebe elibi ekungalinganini kwezezimali.
Izithiyo zentuthuko esimeme
Ukufeza Imigomo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo kudinga ukwabela imali kubantu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, kodwa intuthuko ayinakwenzeka uma leyo mali isetshenziselwa ukukhokha imali mboleko. Izikweletu ezingagcineki zivimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzimele futhi zikhawulela ikhono likahulumeni lokwenza okuthile, okuthinta ngqo imikhakha yomphakathi esengozini kakhulu.
Emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi, isimo sibi kakhulu. Cishe ama-52% ala mazwe asengozini enkulu yokuba nezikweletu eziningi . Ngo-2023, inkokhelo yezikweletu yadla isilinganiso esingu-7,5% wesabelomali sawo, kanti izinkokhelo zenzalo zafinyelela ku-20% wemali engenayo yawo iyonke.
Lokhu kuholele amazwe amaningi ukuthi abhekane nokugeleza kwezikweletu okubi , okusho ukuthi kufanele akhokhe imali eningi kunaleyo akwazi ukuyiboleka. Esimweni somhlaba wonke esinomkhawulo, lokhu kuntuleka kwemali kuyibhomu elisongela ukuzinza komnotho wezifunda zonke.
Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuguqulwa komhlaba wonke
Asikwazi ukuvumela amazwe ukuba akhethe phakathi kokondla abantu bawo nokukhokhela ababolekisi bawo. Kuyaphuthuma ukuguqula ukwakheka kwezezimali zomhlaba wonke ukuze kuhlanganiswe kakhulu futhi kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwangempela. Lokhu kusho ukudala izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulungisa kabusha izikweletu kanye nokuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwezimali ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe izikweletu ukuthi zingabi umthwalo, ukucaca kanye nokuphathwa okunengqondo kumele kube yizinto eziza kuqala. Ohulumeni badinga idatha ethembekile ukuze bagweme ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo, futhi izakhamuzi kumele zibe nelungelo lokwazi kahle ukuthi imali ebolekiwe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo nokuthi iyini injongo yayo.
Izikhungo ezifana neBhange Lomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ukuzinza kwala ma-akhawunti kanye nokunikeza ngezimali ngemibandela yesivumelwano . Kodwa-ke, umhlaba ubulokhu ukhuluma ngoshintsho isikhathi eside kakhulu; sekuyisikhathi sokudlula amazwi futhi uthathe isinyathelo esiqondile sokunciphisa umthwalo wezezimali emazweni ampofu kakhulu.
Isimo samanje sibonisa ukungalingani okuhlelekile lapho ukukhula kwezikweletu zomhlaba wonke, okubangelwa amazinga enzalo aphezulu kanye nezinkinga ezilandelanayo, kubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwamazwe asathuthuka, okuwaphoqa ukuthi abeke phambili izinkokhelo zenzalo kunenhlalakahle yomphakathi nokwenza ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba kube yinto ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusinda komnotho wezifunda ezisengozini kakhulu.
