- I-Fed isebenzisa ukuphathwa kwezinga lenzalo njengethuluzi layo eliyinhloko lokulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali nokulawula ukukhula komnotho.
- Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo kwenza isikweletu sibize kakhulu emindenini nasemabhizinisini, kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kodwa kulawula ukwenyuka kwentengo.
- Ukuqiniswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali e-US kubangela ukuthi imali ishiye izimakethe ezisafufusa, ikakhulukazi eLatin America.
Uma sikhuluma nge-US Federal Reserve, empeleni sibhekisela enjinini eqhuba uhlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke. Izinqumo zayo mayelana nokukhulisa, ukwehlisa, noma ukugcina amazinga enzalo akuzona nje izinombolo esikrinini; zinquma izindleko zemali emhlabeni wonke, zithinta yonke into kusukela emalini yendlu yesakhamuzi esivamile kuya kwizabelomali zamazwe amakhulu.
Ukulungisa amazinga enzalo kufana nokuguqula i-thermostat yezomnotho: uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhuphuka, i-Fed inyusa amazinga ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa; uma umnotho uhamba kancane, uyawehlisa ukuze uthuthukise. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kulinganisela kubucayi kakhulu, njengoba ukubala okungalungile kungabangela ukukhula kwehle noma amanani angalawuleki kubantu.
Indlela yokwenza inzalo kanye nokulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali
Isu eliyinhloko le-Fed lokunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla emali okungenasidingo, okuthi ngezikhathi ezibucayi kufinyelele cishe ku-8%, ukukhulisa amazinga enzalo . Ngokwenza ukuboleka kubize kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqagelwayo kuyavinjelwa, okuphoqelela amanani ukuthi azinze. Lokhu kuphawula ukuphela kwalokho abaningi abakubiza ngokuthi " imali eshibhile ," isikhathi lapho izimali mboleko zazikhululekile ukukhuthaza ukululama ezinkingeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umgomo uwukuvuselela umnotho noma ukuvimbela ukwehla kwentengo, ibhange eliphakathi likhetha ukunciphisa amazinga enzalo . Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi atshale imali futhi enze ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kube nokuncintisana kakhudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho ngemuva kwezinkathi zokwehla komnotho noma izinkinga zempilo.
Izici ezithonya izinqumo zeFederal Reserve
I-Fed ayivuki ngosuku olulodwa bese inquma amazinga enzalo ngokungahleliwe; incike ezinkomba eziningana eziyisisekelo zomnotho. Isibonelo, idatha yokuqashwa ibalulekile: uma imakethe yezabasebenzi inamandla kakhulu futhi kukhona ukukhula okungalindelekile emiholweni engeyona eyezolimo, abahwebi bavame ukulindela ukwenyuka kwamanani ukuze kuvinjelwe umnotho ekushiseni ngokweqile.
- Ukwehla kwamandla emali kwe-PCE: Inkomba yentengo yezindleko zokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu iyisiqondiso esiqondisa izikhulu ekulungiseni izibikezelo zazo.
- Izingxabano ze-geopolitical: Ukungezwani eMpumalanga Ephakathi noma izimpi eYurophu kubangela ukungaqiniseki kanye nengcindezi emananini kagesi, okwenza isimo sibe nzima.
- Ukukhula kwe-GDP: Izibikezelo zokukhula komnotho zisho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba nemingcele noma ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ngenqubomgomo yezimali.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isakhiwo somyalo sidlala indima, lapho imihlangano ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikaSihlalo we-Fed kuyisikhathi lapho kuchazwa khona amazinga enzalo ahlosiwe , avame ukuhlala eqinile izinkathi eziningana ngaphambi kokuthatha ithuba elibukhali.
Imiphumela eqondile yezakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi
Kumuntu ofuna ukuthatha imali mboleko yomuntu siqu noma imali mboleko yendlu, ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo kusho ngqo ukukhokha okuphezulu kwanyanga zonke . Lokhu akulona ihlaya; isikweletu esibiza kakhulu sinciphisa amandla okuthenga emindeni futhi singaphazamisa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu noma ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Ezweni lezinkampani, umthelela uyafana. Izinkampani ezithembele ekuxhasweni ngezimali kwangaphandle ukuze zande zibona izindleko zazo zokusebenza zikhuphuka kakhulu . Lokhu kudala inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi: ukulawula ukukhuphuka kwamanani kubalulekile, kodwa ukuqinisa izinga lenzalo kakhulu kuyingozi yokuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi kubangele ukwehla okukhulu komnotho.
Umphumela we-domino eLatin America nasezimakethe ezisafufusa
Okwenzeka eWashington kunomthelela osheshayo engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi. Lapho i-Fed inyusa amazinga enzalo, amabhondi e-US Treasury aba mnandi kakhulu, okwenza abatshalizimali abakhulu bakhiphe imali yabo eLatin America bayithuthele e-US befuna inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokuphepha.
Lokhu kushintsha kwezimali kudala isiphepho esiphelele: izimali zasendaweni ziyehla uma ziqhathaniswa nedola, okubangela ukwehla kwamandla emali okungeniswa kwamanye amazwe njengoba izimpahla zakwamanye amazwe zibiza kakhulu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhuphuka kwemali, amabhange amakhulu alesi sifunda aphoqeleka ukuphakamisa amazinga enzalo yawo ngamandla, noma ngabe kusho ukwehlisa ukukhula kwamazwe abo ngaphakathi .
Ukungazinzi kuyinto evamile kulesi simo. Abatshalizimali basabela ngesikhathi sangempela kuwo wonke amazwi avela kubakhulumeli be-Fed, behambisa izigidi zamaRandi ngemizuzwana, okungabangela ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zendawo zizwe ukushaqeka okunamandla kuye ngokuthi okulindelwe yizinga lenzalo kuyahlangatshezwa noma kudluliwe.
Isimo sezimali samanje siphakathi kwesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kanye nesifiso sokugcina ukukhula okuqinile, lapho izindleko zemali zihlala ziyisici esiyinhloko esichaza ukuchuma kwezizwe kanye namandla okuthenga abantu emhlabeni wonke.
