- Imvume yokuphatha isuke emisebenzini yomphakathi kuHulumeni Omdala yaya ekuphathweni kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi kwanamuhla.
- Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokukuchaza, kusukela embonweni obanzi wokudala amalungelo kuya kowokuxhashazwa kwempahla yomphakathi.
- Ngokuvamile bakhokha intela nge-ITP-AJD besebenzisa ifomu 600, kanye namazinga entela kanye nezimali kuye ngenhloso yesivumelwano.
- Isisekelo esikhokhiswa intela sibalwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwemali, isikhathi senkontileka kanye nokubuyiselwa okungenzeka kwezimpahla kuHulumeni.
Uma sikhuluma ngezivumelwano zokuphatha , singena endaweni lapho uHulumeni nezinhlangano ezizimele behlangana khona ukuze baphathe izinto ezisithinta sonke. Empeleni, yindlela esemthethweni lapho uHulumeni Kahulumeni ephathisa inkampani noma umuntu ngamunye ngokusebenza kwenkonzo, iphrojekthi, noma indawo yomphakathi, njalo ngaphansi kwemithetho ecacile neqashwe ngokucophelela.
Lokhu akuyona into entsha, akunjalo nhlobo. Lo mqondo uguquke kanye noMthetho Wokuphatha uqobo , wavumelana nezinguquko zezombusazwe nezomnotho zenkathi ngayinye. Lokho okwaqala njengendlela yokwakha amabhuloho noma amachweba eMbusweni Omdala sekugcine sekuyisithuluzi esiyisisekelo sezinsizakalo zomphakathi ukuze zisebenze kahle namuhla.
Uhambo oludlula emlandweni wezivumelwano
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi sikuphi, kufanele sibheke emuva. EFrance, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, izinqubo zazisetshenziswa yiKhomishini ukwenza amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda, njengemisele noma amachweba. Ngaleso sikhathi, zazaziwa ngokuthi imvume yemisebenzi yomphakathi . Ngokuthakazelisayo, ekuqaleni, noma ngubani owayenza umsebenzi wayegcina ilungelo lokuqoqa intela ukuze abuyisele imali yakhe etshaliwe, futhi la malungelo ayevame ukuhlala njalo , cishe sengathi iphrojekthi iba impahla yakhe.
Njengoba singena ekhulwini le-19, inqubo iba ngochwepheshe kakhulu, futhi igama elithi "imvume" liyasungulwa emagama ezomthetho. Kwakungesikhathi sombuso wenkululeko wobunxiwankulu lapho lo mqondo wezomthetho wabhekana nesikhathi sawo sangempela segolide. Ekuqaleni, konke kwakuzungeza isizinda somphakathi kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda, kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukugxila kwashintshela ezinkonzweni zomphakathi , njengoba umbuso waqala ukuqonda ukuthi indima yawo kufanele kube ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle ehlangene ngokuqondile.
Sisho ukuthini ngempela ngokuvuma kokuphatha?
Ukuchaza lo mqondo akulula kangako ngoba kunezindlela eziningana. Uma sibheka kabanzi (i-latu sensu), noma yisiphi isenzo sikaHulumeni esidala ilungelo elisha lomuntu noma sandisa umkhakha wabo wezomthetho singabhekwa njengesivumelwane. Lesi simo sivamile emazweni afana neJalimane ne-Italy futhi sithonye kakhulu umthetho waseLatin America.
Kodwa-ke, ngomqondo oqinile, isivumelwano yisivumelwano esinikeza ilungelo lokuxhaphaza izimpahla noma izinsizakalo zomphakathi. Akuyona nje indaba yokunikeza imvume, kodwa kunalokho ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi lapho umhlinzeki wesivumelwano ethatha izibopho nezingozi ukuze athole inzuzo yezomnotho engaba khona, njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenhlangano yomphakathi.
Izinhlobo zokuvumelana nezibonelo zangempela
Empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, sibhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuzivumela. Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Izinsizakalo zezivakashi kanye nokungenisa izihambiLokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekuphatheni ibhishi noma ithala kuya ekusebenzeni kwezindawo zemidlalo.
- Ingqalasizinda kanye nezokuthuthaUkuphathwa kwemizila yamabhasi, amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza noma izindawo zokupaka zomphakathi ezidumile.
- Suministros básicos: Ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuphuza, ukuphathwa kwendle, amandla noma ukuxhumana ngocingo.
- Imithombo yemveloAmalungelo okukhipha amaminerali ezindaweni zokumba noma ukuxhashazwa amandla avuselelekayo.
Isici sentela: Intela namamodeli
Qaphela ukuthi lokhu akumahhala. Ukunikezwa kwemvume yokuphatha kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kweNtela Yokudlulisa kanye neSitembu (ITP-AJD) , ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kohlelo lokudlulisa olunzima, ngesilinganiso sentela esijwayelekile esingu-4%. Ifomu 600 lisetshenziselwa ukuphatha lokhu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zentela eSpain.
Kuye ngokuthi yini enikezwayo, kusebenza izinga elihlukile: izinga le-CEB lokusebenza kwezimpahla (njengendawo yokugcina impahla kamasipala), izinga le-CEO lokwenza imisebenzi (njengokuvuselela imakethe), izinga le-CES lezinsizakalo (njengamanzi okuphuza) kanye nezinga le-ANE lamabhizinisi afanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezimo ezihlukile; isibonelo, izivumelwano zengqalasizinda yesitimela noma izikhungo ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasemachwebeni azikhokhiswa le ntela.
Isisekelo esikhokhiswa intela sibalwa kanjani?
Ukuze kunqunywe inani elifanele ukukhokhwa, kusebenza imithetho eminingana kuye ngesimo. Uma imali iyinani eliphelele elinqunyiwe lesikhathi sonke, lelo inani eliyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, uma inkokhelo iphindaphindwa, ukubalwa kuyashintsha: uma ihlala isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka, iyinani eliphelele; uma ihlala isikhathi eside, imali yonyaka ihlanganiswa ngo-10%.
Uma inkontileka idinga ukubuyiselwa kwezimpahla kuHulumeni ekugcineni (lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwempahla ), inani elilinganiselwe lencwadi kanye nezindleko zokuguqulwa okunjalo kuyangezwa. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho inani lingenakunqunywa, kusetshenziswa u-2% unyaka ngamunye wesikhathi sezimpahla ezihleliwe, kuhlaziywa izindlela zokwehla kwenani lokubala , okungenani u-10% futhi ngaphandle kokudlula inani eliphelele lezimpahla.
Njengoba lezi zinqubo ziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokungenzeka kwezingxabano zomthetho, kubalulekile ukuba nommeli ogxile emthethweni wokuphatha . Uchwepheshe angakusiza kusukela ekubhaleni isicelo kuya ekukumeleleni enkantolo uma kuvela noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokuqaliswa kwenkontileka.
Ngamafuphi, sibhekene nethuluzi lezomthetho eliguquguqukayo elivumela umkhakha ozimele ukuphatha izintshisekelo zomphakathi, uhamba phakathi kwenzuzo yezomnotho kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi , konke kulawulwa uhlaka oluqinile lwezezimali kanye nokuguquka komlando okubeke phambili ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zezakhamuzi.