Izinhlobo Zezinkampani: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezomthetho, Kwemikhakha kanye Nezomnotho eSpain

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Uma ucabanga ukuqala ibhizinisi noma ufuna nje ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi indwangu yebhizinisi yakhiwe kanjani eSpain, ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yezizathu zomthetho, zentela, zesibopho, noma ngisho nezamasu ebhizinisi, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusenza sikwazi ukuhambahamba ezweni lebhizinisi ngokucace kakhudlwana.

Kusukela esimweni sezomthetho kuya ebubanzini besenzo, okuhlanganisa nosayizi noma uhlobo lwemali etshaliwe, izinkampani zingahlelwa ngezindlela eziningi. Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile zonke izinhlobo eziqashelwa ngokomthetho eSpain, kanye nezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlukanisa izinhlangano zomnotho.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkampani ngokwesimo sazo esisemthethweni

Uhlobo lwezomthetho lungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho kunqunywa inkampani, njengoba isungula uhlaka lwezomthetho olulawula ukusebenza kwayo, inani elincane labalingani, imali edingekayo kumthethosisekelo wayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinga lomthwalo wemfanelo elithathwa yilabo abathintekayo.

umnikazi wedwa noma ozisebenzayo

Lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi luyindlela elula yokuqala umsebenzi wezomnotho. Kuqukethe umuntu oyedwa osebenza yedwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusungula inkampani. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko itholakala kalula ekusethweni kanye nomthwalo ophansi wehhovisi likahulumeni.

Kodwa-ke, inesici esisodwa esikhulu: Isibopho asinamkhawulo, okusho ukuthi umnikazi webhizinisi unesibopho mathupha ngezikweletu zebhizinisi.Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane, ochwepheshe, kanye nabantu abasebenza ngokuzimela.

Inkampani Enesibopho Esilinganiselwe (SL)

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Yakhiwa ngumlingani oyedwa noma ngaphezulu futhi idinga imali encane engama-euro angu-3.000, ukuze ikhokhwe ngokugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni.

Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi Isibopho sabalingani sinqunyelwe enhloko-dolobha enikelwe.Lokhu kunikeza ukuphepha ezikweletini zezinkampani. Lolu hlobo lwenkampani luguquguquka kakhulu, okuvumela ukuphathwa okulula okufanela amabhizinisi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Inkampani Yesibopho Esilinganiselwe Selungu Elilodwa

Uhlobo lwe-SL lapho Zonke iziqu zingezomuntu oyedwa., ngokomzimba noma ngokomthetho. Nakuba inezici eziyisisekelo ze-SL, inombono wokuthi umlingani oyedwa uthatha yonke imisebenzi ehlobene noMhlangano Jikelele.

I-Public Limited Company (SA)

Ihloselwe kakhulu izinkampani ezinkulu ngenxa yemali yayo encane kakhulu: ama-euro angu-60.000 (okungenani u-25% wawo kumele ukhokhwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwenkampani). Inhlokodolobha ihlukaniswe ngamasheya futhi abanikazi bamasheya bangakwazi ukuwadlulisela ngenkululeko elinganiselwe.

Abanikazi bamasheya abanasibopho ngempahla yabo siqu.Lokhu kuyenza ikhange kakhulu ngokombono womtshali-zimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngokukhishwa kwebhondi noma iminikelo yokuqala yomphakathi (ama-IPO).

ISociedad Colectiva

Lolu hlobo lwenkampani luvelele ngobuntu bayo. Bonke abalingani bahlanganyela ekuphathweni futhi banesibopho ngokwezimali, ngokungenamkhawulo nangokubambisene ngezikweletu zenkampani.

Inani elincane labalingani ababili, akukho sidingo esincane semali, futhi Ukwenza izinqumo kusekelwe ekubambisaneniIlungele imisebenzi yobungcweti noma amabhizinisi omndeni, lapho ukwethembana phakathi kwabalingani kubalulekile khona.

Ubambiswano Olunqunyelwe

Le fomula ehlanganisiwe inezinhlobo ezimbili zabalingani:

• I-Colectivosngomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu ongenamkhawulo.
• Abalingani abalinganiselwe, abanikela ngemali kuphela futhi banciphise umthwalo wabo kulowo mnikelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ukubambisana okulinganiselwe kanye nokubambisana okulinganiselwe ngamasheya. Lokhu kokugcina kunemali encane engu-€60.000 futhi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kokutshalwa kwezimali.

Inhlangano Yokubambisana

Inkampani enobuntu bentando yeningi nokuhlanganyela, yakhiwe okungenani abantu abathathu abahlanganyela ngokuzithandela ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezifanayo besebenzisa isakhiwo sebhizinisi.

Isibopho samalungu ayo sinqunyelwe enhloko-dolobha ayinikelayo, futhi ilungu ngalinye linevoti elilodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyingxenye yezimali. Lifanelekela imikhakha efana nezolimo, imfundo, amandla, noma ukuhweba okufanelekile.

Umphakathi wezimpahla

Akubhekwe njengenkampani yezentengiselwano, ngoba Kuyiqembu labantu ababelana ngento efanayo, engahlukaniseki noma elungile. futhi sifisa ukuxhaphaza leyo mpahla ngokubambisana.

Ayinawo ubuntu bayo obusemthethweni.Ngakho-ke, amalungu omphakathi enza izinto egameni lawo. Isibopho asinamkhawulo futhi sihlangene, sidinga amazinga aphezulu okuthembana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli.

Inhlangano yomphakathi

Isetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini ye-liberal efana nezinkampani zomthetho noma abaklami bezakhiwo, Inhlangano yomphakathi iyinhlangano phakathi kwabantu abahlose ukwenza umsebenzi ndawonye ukuze bathole inzuzo..

Isibopho sabo asinamkhawulo, yize Isakhiwo sayo silula futhi asidingi mali encane.Kudinga ukubhalwa kwenkontileka yangasese echaza amalungelo nemisebenzi yabalingani.

Inkampani Entsha Elinganiselwe (i-SLNE)

Yakhelwe ukwenza kube lula izinqubo zosomabhizinisi. Yenzelwe abalingani abangafika kwabahlanu kanye nesabelo semali esingaba phakathi kwama-euro angu-3.000 no-120.000.

Ivumela ukuzivumelanisa okusheshayo nezidingo zemakethe, ukufakwa ku-inthanethi, kanye Inikeza ithuluzi elisemthethweni elilula lokuqala imisebenzi yebhizinisi.

Inhlangano Yochwepheshe

Icacisa umkhuba ohlanganyelwe wemisebenzi yobungcweti efana nabameli, izazi zezomnotho, odokotela, njll. Amalungu kumele abe neziqu ezifanele futhi abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni enhlanganweni yobungcweti..

Ingathatha isimo se-SL noma i-SA, futhi umthethosisekelo wayo udinga incwadi yomphakathi kanye nokubhaliswa kurejista ekhethekile efanele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkampani ngokwemikhakha yazo yemisebenzi

Enye indlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuhlukanisa inkampani ngokwesigaba umkhakha esebenza kuwoLokhu kuthinta ngqo izinqubo zabo, izinsizakusebenza, kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi.

• Umkhakha oyinhloko: imisebenzi yokuthola ngqo izinsiza zemvelo ezifana nezolimo, ukudoba, imfuyo noma ukumbiwa kwezimayini.
• Umkhakha wesibili: kufaka phakathi izimboni zokukhiqiza, ezokwakha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
• Umkhakha wesithathu: ihlanganisa zonke izinsizakalo, njengezentengiselwano, izihambi, imfundo, impilo noma ezokuthutha.
• Umkhakha we-Quaternary: okuhlobene nolwazi, i-ICT, ucwaningo kanye nemfundo ethuthukisiwe.

Izinga lenkampani ngosayizi

Ubukhulu benkampani buvame ukulinganiswa ngenani labasebenzi kanye nokushintsha kwaminyaka yonke:

• ibhizinisi elincane: abasebenzi abangaphansi kwe-10 kanye nokushintshana kwemali okungaphansi kwezigidi ezimbili zama-euro.
• Ibhizinisi elincane: phakathi kwabasebenzi abayi-10 nabangu-49 kanye nangaphansi kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngonyaka.
• Ibhizinisi eliphakathi nendawo: kusukela kubasebenzi abangu-50 kuya ku-249 kanye nokushintshana kwabasebenzi okufika ezigidini ezingu-50.
• Inkampani enkulu: abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-250, imali engenayo idlula izigidi ezingu-50.

Kukhona nokukhulunywa ngakho Ama-SME (amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo) y Ama-MSME (uma kufakwa amabhizinisi amancane)okuyisisekelo emnothweni wezwe.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendawo

Kuye ngokuthi basebenza kuphi, Izinkampani zingahlukaniswa kanje:

• yendawoBasebenza edolobheni noma esifundeni esisodwa kuphela.
• Izizwe: umsebenzi wayo usabalala kulo lonke izwe.
• Okwamazwe ngamazwe noma okwamazwe ngamazweBathumela imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo kwamanye amazwe.
• Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazweBanezindlunkulu, ukukhiqizwa noma ukusatshalaliswa emazweni amaningana.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwemvelaphi yenhloko-dolobha

Imvelaphi yemali exhasa inkampani ivumela nokwehluka okucacile:

• Inkampani yangasese: imali enikelwe ngokuphelele ngabantu noma izinkampani.
• Inkampani yomphakathi: ixhaswe nguHulumeni, njenge-RENFE noma i-Correos.
• Uhambo oluhlanganisile: ihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi nokwangasese (njenge-AENA).

Isabelo semakethe kanye nohlobo lwesikhundla

Izinkampani zingahlukaniswa futhi ngokwe- indawo abakuyo emakethe lapho bencintisana khona:

• Inkampani ehamba phambili: ibusa imakethe ekuthengiseni futhi ibeka izitayela.
• Inkampani yabalandeli: wamukela imodeli yomholi ngaphandle kokuncintisana ngokuqondile.
• Inkampani efaka isiceloIhlose ukufeza isabelo semakethe esikhulu nokuncintisana nabadlali abakhulu.
• Inkampani yochwepheshe: inikeza imikhiqizo ethile kakhulu yezindawo ezithile.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlelo lwabo lomsebenzi

Ikakhulukazi kusukela enkingeni yezempilo ye-COVID-19, inqubo entsha isithandwa kakhulu: imodeli yomsebenzi evelele enkampanini.

• On-siteAbasebenzi basebenza ezindaweni ezibonakalayo zebhizinisi.
• Isilawuli kude: abasebenzi benza imisebenzi yabo besekhaya noma kwezinye izindawo.
• Kuxubile: ihlanganisa zombili izindlela ngokuya ngezidingo noma amaphrofayili athile.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunomthelela endleleni izinsizakusebenza zabantu ezihlelwe ngayo, izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokulinganisela phakathi komsebenzi nokuphila.

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani ezikhona endaweni yezomthetho nezomnotho yaseSpain kunikeza umbono ophelele ongenza umehluko omkhulu lapho uqala ibhizinisi, utshala imali, noma usebenzisana nenhlangano. Ukwazi ukukhetha isakhiwo sezomthetho esifanele, usayizi ofanele, nokuqonda imiphumela yohlobo ngalunye kungakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise isu lakho lebhizinisi, unciphise izingozi, futhi wenze izinqumo ezingcono ezweni eliguqukayo nelincintisanayo.