- Umkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme ugxile ekuhlinzekweni kwezinsizakalo kunokukhiqiza izimpahla.
- Imelela cishe u-74% we-GDP yaseSpain futhi ibalulekile emisebenzini.
- Kuhilela imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nokuhweba, ezokuthutha, imfundo kanye nezempilo.
- Ukuthuthuka kwayo kuphawulwe ngokuguquguquka kwedijithali, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokuphila.
Umkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme, owaziwa nangokuthi umkhakha wezinsizakaloUmkhakha wezimboni ungenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zomnotho wanamuhla. Nakuba uvame ukunganakwa uma uqhathaniswa nemikhakha eyinhloko neyesibili, indima yawo ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamazwe, ikakhulukazi lawo athuthukile kakhulu. Lo mkhakha awukhiqizi izimpahla ezibonakalayo, kodwa uhlinzeka izinsizakalo ezibalulekile zabantu ngabanye, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlanganongaleyo ndlela iba yindlela exhumanisa imisebenzi ehlukene yezomnotho.
Kusukela kwezentengiselwano nemfundo kuya kwezokuthutha kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo, umkhakha wezinsizakalo uhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi uyini umkhakha wezinsizakalo, ukuthi uhlanganisani, ukuthi kungani ubaluleke kangaka, nokuthi uthuthuke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ufuna ukuqonda kabanzi mayelana uyini umnothoLesi sihloko singase sikuthakazelise.
Iyini ngempela imboni yezemfundo ephakeme?
Umkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme ubhekisela kusethi yemisebenzi yezomnotho egxile ku ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo esikhundleni sokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla eziphathekayoNgamanye amazwi, abakhiphi izinsiza zemvelo njengasemkhakheni oyinhloko, futhi abaguquli lezo zinsiza njengasemkhakheni wesibili.
Lo mkhakha ugxile ku ukwanelisa izidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezeqembu ngezinsizakalo, ezinganikezwa yizinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele. Ezinye izibonelo zakudala zemisebenzi emkhakheni wezemfundo ephakeme yimfundo, ezokuthutha, ezempilo, ezokuvakasha, izinsizakalo zezezimali, ezokuxhumana, ezohwebo, kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi.
Kubalulekile ukukuqaphela lokho Lezi zinsizakalo aziphathekiokusho ukuthi azikwazi ukuthintwa noma ukugcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile zivamile okuzokhiqizwa futhi kudliwe ngasikhathi sinyenjengasendabeni yokubonisana ngezokwelapha noma ikilasi e-academy. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalezi zinhlobo zezindlela, ungafunda mayelana Iyini uhlelo lwezomnotho?.
Izici eziyinhloko zomkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme
Nakuba uhla lwemisebenzi eyakha umkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme lubanzi kakhulu, kunezici eziningana ezifanayo ezivumela ukuthi lubonakale ngokucacile:
- Ukungaphatheki: Izinsizakalo azikwazi ukubonwa noma ukuthintwa. Zingatholakala kuphela.
- Ukungahlukani: Insizakalo ngokuvamile idinga ukuba khona ngesikhathi esisodwa komhlinzeki kanye neklayenti ukuze kwenzeke.
- Ukonakala: Amasevisi awakwazi ukugcinwa. Uma engadliwa ngokushesha, ayalahleka.
- Ukungafani: Isevisi efanayo ingahluka kuye ngokuthi ubani oyinikezayo noma ukuthi inikezwa kanjani.
- Azikhiqizi ubunikazi: Uma uthola isevisi, awutholi ubunikazi bempahla, uthola inzuzo yokusetshenziswa kwayo kuphela.
Yimiphi imisebenzi ehlanganiswa yimboni yezemfundo ephakeme?
Imisebenzi yomkhakha wezinsizakalo ingahlukaniswa ngamabhulokhi amakhulu, yize ukuhlukahluka kwayo kukhulu kakhulu:
- Ezentengiselwano: Kusukela emabhizinisini amancane endawo kuya kuma-chain amakhulu kanye namapulatifomu e-commerce. Kuhlanganisa ukuhweba ngokuthengisa, ngokuthengisa ngobuningi, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Ezokuthutha nezokuthutha: Kuhlanganisa ezokuthutha ngesitimela, ngomgwaqo, ngomoya nangolwandle. Kwenza kube lula ukuthutha abantu nezimpahla.
- Amasevisi ezezimali: Amabhange, izinkampani zomshuwalense, abaphathi bezimali, noma izinhlangano zezikweletu ezincane.
- Imfundo nokwakheka: Izikole, amanyuvesi, ama-academy kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha, kokubili mathupha kanye naku-inthanethi.
- Impilo: Izibhedlela, imitholampilo, izikhungo zezokwelapha zomphakathi nezizimele.
- Ukuphathwa komphakathi: Ubulungiswa, ukuzivikela, ukuqoqwa kwentela, amakhansela endawo, njll.
- Ezokuvakasha kanye nokungenisa izihambi: Ama-ejensi, amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela noma imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa.
- Abezindaba kanye nokuxhumana: Abezindaba, ithelevishini, i-inthanethi, opharetha beselula.
- Izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe nezomuntu siqu: Ukuhlanza, ukulungisa, ukuhlobisa, ukulungisa izinwele, ubuhle, njll.
Ukuguquka komkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Ukukhula komkhakha wezinsizakalo akulona iphutha. Iminotho yanamuhla iye yashintsha kancane kancane isuka emisebenzini yezolimo neyezimboni yaya emnothweni osekelwe ezinsizeni. Emazweni afana neSpain noma i-United Kingdom, okungaphezu kwalokho Ama-70% abantu abasebenzayo basebenza kulo mkhakha.
Le nqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle ithonywe yizici eziningana:
- Ukwenza idijithali: Ukwanda kwe-inthanethi kubangele ukukhula kwezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi ezifana nokufunda kude, ukunakekelwa kwempilo okubonakalayo, kanye nokuhweba nge-inthanethi.
- Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga yonke: Kuvumele ukwanda kwezinsizakalo eziningi emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa nezinsizakalo zezezimali noma zezokuvakasha.
- Izinga lokuphila elikhuphukile: Njengoba abantu bethola imali ephezulu, abantu bafuna izinsizakalo ezikhethekile neziqondene nabo.
- Ukunikeza abanye umsebenzi ngaphandle: Izinkampani kuyo yonke imikhakha zinikeza izinsizakalo zangaphandle (ukubonisana, ezokuthutha, ukumaketha) ukuze zigxile ebhizinisini lazo eliyinhloko.
Umkhakha wezinsizakalo eSpain
Esimweni saseSpain, umkhakha wezinsizakalo ubala cishe 74% woMkhiqizo Wezwe Wonke (i-GDP) kanye cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zenani labantu abasebenzayo. Akungabazeki ukuthi iyinjini yezomnotho yezwe.
Ezinye zezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezemfundo ephakeme eSpain zifaka:
- Ezokuvakasha: ISpain iyizwe elinamandla emhlabeni, elikhiqiza ngaphezu kwe-12% ye-GDP kanye nezigidi zemisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile.
- Ukuhweba nokusabalalisa: Njengoba kukhona ukukhula kokuhweba okuku-inthanethi.
- Impilo nemfundo: Kokubili imikhakha kahulumeni kanye neyangasese inamandla amakhulu.
- Amasevisi ezezimali: Ngamabhange endabuko, ama-neobank kanye nama-fintech.
Imikhakha engaphansi komkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme: i-quaternary kanye ne-quinary
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ochwepheshe baye bathola izigaba ezintsha emkhakheni wezinsizakalo, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuphezulu:
Umkhakha we-quaternary: Lokhu kubhekisela ezinsizakalweni ezisekelwe olwazini, njengocwaningo nentuthuko, ubuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuhlela ezezimali, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zabantu. Lezi zinsizakalo zidinga izinga eliphezulu lokuqeqeshwa kanye neziqu.
Umkhakha we-Quinary: Nakuba kungaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni, kubhekisela ezinsizakalweni zomuntu siqu, zamasiko, noma zokudala ezifana nobuciko, ukuzijabulisa, imfundo ephakeme, noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo komuntu siqu. Ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi izinsizakalo ezingenzi nzuzo nezithinta umphakathi.
Ukubaluleka komkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme emnothweni
Indima yomkhakha wezinsizakalo emnothweni wanamuhla idlulela ngalé kokunikeza izinsizakalo nje kuphela. Lo mkhakha:
- Kudala imisebenzi eminingi nehlukahlukene: Kusukela emisebenzini engenamakhono anele kuya emisebenzini ekhethekile kakhulu.
- Kukhuthaza ubumbano emphakathini: Izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezifana nemfundo noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Kufaka isandla ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha: Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-quaternary onentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
- Kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kweminye imikhakha: Ihlinzeka ngosekelo lwezokuthutha, lokuphatha kanye nolwezentengiselwano kuzo zombili izigaba zokuqala nezesibili.
- Kusekela ukusetshenziswa: Njengoba kuyindawo lapho imikhiqizo ifinyelela khona kumthengi wokugcina.
Ngokuphambene nombono wendabuko wokuthi imboni kuphela ekhiqiza ingcebo, namuhla siyazi ukuthi Umkhakha wezinsizakalo uyisihluthulelo sentuthuko yezomnotho kanye nokuncintisana kwezwe, uma nje libeka phambili ikhwalithi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokusimama. Umnotho womhlaba wonke uye washintsha kancane kancane waya kumodeli lapho umkhakha wezinsizakalo uthatha isikhundla esikhethekile. Amandla awo okuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezintsha zomphakathi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezemvelo awenza ube yinsika ebalulekile. Ukuqonda ubukhulu bawo, izici zawo, kanye nezinselelo zawo kubalulekile ekuqondeni isimo samanje sezomnotho kanye nokulindela izimo zesikhathi esizayo.
