- Isikweletu sikahulumeni wase-US sesifinyelele amazinga aqopha umlando, sidlula u-120% we-GDP eminyakeni yamuva nje.
- IJapan neShayina zisalokhu ziyizinkampani ezinkulu ezibolekisa imali kwamanye amazwe, yize lo mkhuba uhlukahluka.
- Ukusimama kohlelo kuncike ekunciphiseni ukuntuleka kwemali kanye nokuphathwa kwezinga lenzalo yi-Federal Reserve.
Ukukhuluma ngomnotho waseMelika, ngokungenakugwenywa, kukhuluma ngentaba yemali ebolekiwe eqhubeka ikhula. I-United States izibeke njenge- izwe elinezikweletu eziningi emhlabeniLesi simo sidala ukukhanga kanye nokwesaba okuthile phakathi kwabahlaziyi bezezimali bamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba inani lezibopho zaso limane nje liphezulu kakhulu.
Nakuba idola lihlala liyinkosi futhi i-Treasury ibopha indawo ephephile ethandwayo lapho izinto ziba nzima ezimakethe, iqiniso liwukuthi ukusimama kwalesi sikweletu Kuyindaba eshisayo. Akuyona nje indaba yezinombolo, kodwa nokuthi lezi zibalo zithinta kanjani ukuzinza komnotho womhlaba kanye nokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali isikhathi eside.
Izibalo zamanje kanye nokukhula kwezikweletu
Uma sibheka idatha ka-2024, isimo siyashaqisa. Isikweletu somphakathi sasicishe sibe yi-€33.106 billion, okulingana ne- Ama-dollar ayi-35.822Ukuze sikunike umbono wesilinganiso sokukhula, inani lenyuke ngamadola angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-2.400 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule wodwa, lidlula uphawu oluvele luphezulu kakhulu lwango-2023.
Lokhu kukhula akubonakali nje kuphela enanini eliphelele, kodwa futhi nasekuhlobaneni kwalo nengcebo yezwe. Ngo-2024, isikweletu safinyelela 122,27% woMkhiqizo Wezwe Wonke (i-GDP)Lokhu kusho ukwanda ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwamabili uma kuqhathaniswa no-119,96% owaqoshwa ngonyaka odlule. Uma sibheka emuva ku-2014, sibona ukuthi isikweletu somhlaba wonke sasicishe sibe yi-$18.478 billion futhi simele i-104,94% ye-GDP, okubonisa ukuthi lo mkhuba ukhona. ukukhuphuka ngokuqinile.
Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, isisindo salo mthwalo siyasinda. Ngo-2024, isikweletu somuntu ngamunye sakhuphuka saya ku- $105.364 ngomuntu ngamunyeokwenza abantu baseMelika babe ngabantu besibili abanezikweletu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze sikubeke kahle lokho, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngo-2014, umuntu ngamunye wayenezikweletu ezingaba ngu-$58.005 ngesakhamuzi ngasinye. Sekucishe kwaphindeka kabili eminyakeni eyishumi.
Ubani ongumnikazi wesikweletu sase-US?
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ezinkundleni zomnotho uthi: ubani ngempela onemali? Ngokuthakazelisayo, umnikazi omkhulu walesi sikweletu yi- uhulumeni wase-United States kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukene zokuphatha, eziphethe cishe ingxenye yesamba. Empeleni, ziboleka imali, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukwenza imali ngezikweletu evame kakhulu eYurophu.
Ngokuphathelene nemali yangaphandle, imelela cishe u-24% wenani eliphelele. IJapan ihamba phambili ohlwini Ababolekisi bangaphandle baphethe ama-dollar ayizigidigidi eziyi-1,06, balandelwa eduze yiShayina ngama-dollar ayizigidigidi ezingama-759.000. Nakuba iShayina inciphise isabelo sayo selokhu yafinyelela esicongweni ngo-2010, bobabili basalokhu beyibadlali ababalulekile. Ekuqaleni kuka-2025, inani lesikweletu esiphethwe ngabangaphandle lafinyelela irekhodi lamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingu-8,8.
Izingozi, izinhlangano zokulinganisa kanye nombono
Akuzona zonke izinto ezinethemba. Izinhlangano ezifana neMoody's, Standard & Poor's, kanye neFitch ziye zehlisa izinga lesikweletu lase-US ngezikhathi ezahlukene, zaze zayiphuca izinga layo elifiswayo le-triple-A ngenxa... isiphithiphithi enqubomgomo yezomnotho kanye nokuntuleka kwemali okukhula. Lokhu, ngokombono, kungenza uxhaso lwezwe lubize kakhulu uma abatshalizimali beqala ukufuna inzuzo ephezulu ku- ingozi yesikweletu kuthathwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokwesaba ukuthi imibuso efana neShayina noma iJapane izosebenzisa iMali yayo njenge ithuluzi lokucindezela kwezentengiselwanoukuthengisa amabhondi kakhulu ukuze kuphazamiseke imakethe. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, idola namabhondi kuyaqhubeka nokubonwa njengempahla ephephile yokugcina, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokungezwani okukhulu kwezepolitiki njengezingxabano eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Izilinganiso zesikhathi esizayo kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona
Ikusasa leminyaka ezayo alibonakali lilula. Ngokusho kwamamodeli ezomnotho, isilinganiso sesikweletu-kuya-GDP kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele 125,80% ekupheleni kuka-2026Ukuqagela kwesikhathi eside kusikisela ukuthi ngo-2028 lesi sibalo singazinza noma sikhuphukele ku-128,90%, silondoloze umzila oyingozi kakhulu.
Ukuze kugwenywe umjikelezo omubi lapho izindleko zenzalo ziphoqa ukukhishwa kwesikweletu esengeziwe ukuze kukhokhwe isikweletu sangaphambilini, ukwehla okukhulu kokuntuleka kwemali yomphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali okungadingekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenelela kwe-Federal Reserve ngokwehlisa amazinga enzalo asemthethweni kungaba yinto ebalulekile ekunciphiseni umthwalo wezezimali we-Treasury, yize lokhu kungathinta kabi inani ledola uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimali ezifana ne-euro.
Isimo sezezimali samandla amakhulu aseMelika silinganiselwe ngendlela engaqinisekile phakathi kokubusa kwawo emhlabeni wonke kanye isikweletu somphakathi esikhulu kakhulu okufinyelele amazinga aphezulu emlandweni, okudlule ngisho nenani eliphakeme lika-126% we-GDP elibonwe ngo-2020. Njengoba isikweletu somuntu ngamunye siqhubeka sikhuphuka kanye nokuthembela okwandayo ekwenzeni imali yasekhaya kanye nokuzethemba kwamanye amazwe, indlela eya ekuzinzeni izobandakanya ukuphathwa kwezimali okuqinile kakhulu kanye nokulawula amazinga enzalo ukuvimbela uhlelo ukuthi lungawi ngaphansi kwesisindo salo.