- Isikweletu somhlaba wonke sesifinyelele emananini aqopha umlando, sidlula amaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-100 futhi sithinta kakhulu iminotho esafufusa.
- Amazwe asathuthuka abhekene nezindleko zezimali ezingalingani ezivimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.
- Kudingeka ushintsho oluphuthumayo lwesakhiwo sezimali samazwe ngamazwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuswela izikweletu ngokweqile.
Lapho sikhuluma nge- isikweletu somphakathiEmpeleni sibhekisela kuleyo mali enkulu uHulumeni ayikweletayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi zawo noma izinhlangano zakwamanye amazwe kanye namazwe. Muva nje, lesi simo siye sanda kakhulu ngendlela eshaqisayo, saba ikhanda elibuhlungu kwezomnotho ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye nogibe oluyingozi kulabo abanesizotha.
Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, singabheka isikweletu somphakathi njengesamba esiphelele sezibopho zikahulumeni zezimali. Ngokuvamile silinganiswa ngamanani aphelele noma njengesikweletu iphesenti loMkhiqizo Wezwe Wonke (i-GDP)Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi izwe lingadinga ukusebenzisa malini ukulinganisela ama-akhawunti alo. Ukuze lithole lezi zimali, uMnyango Wezezimali wethula amathuluzi ahlukahlukene emakethe, njenge amabhondi, amabhili noma ama-debentures, ezithengwa ngamabhange noma abakhiphi bezibambiso ngasese.
Umehluko obalulekile kanye nesimo samanje sezikweletu
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi izikweletu zomphakathi nezikweletu zomphakathi isikweletu sangaphandleNakuba okokuqala kungumthwalo wemfanelo oqondile woMbuso, isikweletu sangaphandle sihlanganisa zonke izibopho ezenziwe Imikhakha yomphakathi kanye neyangasese ibhekene nezikweletu kubabolekisi bamazwe ngamazwe. Njengamanje, sisesimweni esibucayi: isikweletu somhlaba wonke sesifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu $102 trillion ngo-2024, idlula amabhiliyoni angu-97 onyaka odlule.
Uma sihlaziya idatha ngokubona, kuvamile ukubona ukuthi isikweletu sesizwe sihlobene nobukhulu bomnotho waso, kuyilapho isikweletu somuntu ngamunye —lokho okuzodingeka kukhokhe isakhamuzi ngasinye— kubonisa ubucayi besimo. Uma lesi sibalo somuntu ngamunye siphakeme, umthwalo wezezimali uba nzima kakhulu kubantu.
Ubunzima bamazwe asathuthuka
Nakuba ukuboleka kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo lokukhulisa ukukhula nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, kungaba nemiphumela emibi uma izindleko zingasalawuleki. Ngeshwa, umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu uwela emazweni asathuthukaisikweletu saso esikhule ngokuphindwe kabili kunesezizwe ezithuthukile kusukela ngo-2010, safinyelela ku-$31 trillion.
Isimo sibi ngempela ezigidini zabantu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-3.400 bahlala ezifundazweni lapho Kusetshenziswa imali eningi ekukhokheni inzalo. kunasezinsizeni eziyisisekelo njengokunakekelwa kwempilo noma imfundo. Ngo-2024 kuphela, la mazwe akhokha inzalo engamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-921.000, okumele ukwenyuka ngo-10% kunonyaka odlule.
Lokhu kucindezela kwezezimali kuyacindezela. Ohulumeni abaningi baphoqelekile ukwabela ngaphezu kwe-10% yemali engenayo yomphakathi kuphela ekukhokheni inzalo, okushiya imali engenayo ingenalutho kunoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2020, amazinga enzalo kula mazwe abe phezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kane kunalawo asetshenziswa e-United States, okudala igebe elibi ekungalinganini kwezezimali.
Izithiyo zentuthuko esimeme
Ukufeza Imigomo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo kudinga ukwabela imali kubantu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, kodwa intuthuko ayinakwenzeka uma leyo mali isetshenziselwa ukukhokha imali mboleko. Kuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese. futhi kunciphisa ikhono lohulumeni lokulawula, okuthinta ngqo imikhakha yomphakathi esengozini kakhulu.
Emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi, isimo sibi kakhulu. Cishe ama-52% ala mazwe asesimweni sokunganeliseki. ingozi enkulu yokuba nezikweletu eziningi ngokweqileNgo-2023, inkokhelo yesikweletu yadla isilinganiso esingu-7,5% wesabelomali sabo, kanti izinkokhelo zenzalo zafinyelela ku-20% wemali engenayo yabo iyonke.
Lokhu kuholele amazwe amaningi ukuthi abhekane ukugeleza kwesikweletu okungekuhleLokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele bakhokhe imali eningi kunaleyo abakwazi ukuyiboleka. Esimweni somhlaba wonke esinomkhawulo, lokhu kuntuleka kwemali kuyibhomu elisongela ukuzinza komnotho wezifunda zonke.
Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuguqulwa komhlaba wonke
Asikwazi ukuvumela amazwe ukuba akhethe phakathi kokondla abantu bawo nokukhokhela ababolekisi bawo. Uguquko luyadingeka ngokushesha. ukwakheka kwezezimali kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kube nokubandakanya abantu abaningi futhi okugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwangempela. Lokhu kuhilela ukudala izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu ezisebenza ngempela futhi zithuthukise ukutholakala kwezimali ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe isikweletu ukuthi singabi yisigwebo sokuphila konke, ukucaca kanye nokuphathwa Lokhu kumele kube yizinto eziza kuqala. Ohulumeni badinga idatha ethembekile ukuze bagweme ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo, futhi izakhamuzi kumele zibe nelungelo lokwazi kahle ukuthi imali iceliwe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo nokuthi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngaziphi izinjongo.
Izikhungo ezifana neBhange Lomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ukuzinza kwala ma-akhawunti kanye nokunikeza ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngemibandela yesivumelwanoKodwa-ke, umhlaba ubulokhu ukhuluma ngoshintsho isikhathi eside kakhulu; sekuyisikhathi sokubeka amazwi eceleni futhi sithathe izinyathelo eziqondile zokunciphisa umthwalo wezezimali ezizweni ezimpofu kakhulu.
Isimo samanje sibonisa ukungalingani okuhlelekile lapho ukukhula kwezikweletu zomhlaba wonke, okubangelwa amazinga enzalo aphezulu kanye nezinkinga ezilandelanayo, kubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwamazwe asathuthuka, okuwaphoqa ukuthi abeke phambili izinkokhelo zenzalo kunenhlalakahle yomphakathi nokwenza ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba kube yinto ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusinda komnotho wezifunda ezisengozini kakhulu.
